A capacitive probe for measuring the clearance between the piston and the cylinder of a gas piston gauge
Walter J. Bowers and Douglas A. Olson
We used a capacitive technique to determine the radial clearance between the piston and cylinder of a gas piston gauge. This method determines the effective area of a piston gauge pressure standard, independent of calibration against another piston gauge or manometer, as long as the diameter of the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 035102 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
A high-resolution two-dimensional imaging velocimeter
P. M. Celliers, D. J. Erskine, C. M. Sorce, D. G. Braun, O. L. Landen et al.
Velocity interferometers are typically used to measure velocities of surfaces at a single point or along an imaged line as a function of time. We describe an optical arrangement that enables high-resolution measurements of the two-dimensional velocity field across a shock front or shocked interface. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 035101 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Note: Simultaneous measurement of surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Yu Liu, Shuping Xu, Bin Tang, Ye Wang, Ji Zhou et al.
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microspectrometer was designed to obtain the incident angle dependence of SERS signals excited by the evanescent field. By simultaneous measurement of the SERS and SPR spectra of analytes, the highest SERS signal intensities ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 036105 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
A technique for extending the precision and the range of temperature programmed desorption toward extremely low coverages
Stefan Haegel, Thomas Zecho, and Stefan Wehner
In this paper, an improvement of the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique is introduced, which facilitates fully automated sampling of TPD spectra with excellent reproducibility, especially useful for extremely low coverages. By averaging many sampled TPD spectra, the range of the TPD t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033904 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
An efficient, low profile, electrically small, three-dimensional, very high frequency magnetic EZ antenna
Chia-Ching Lin, Richard W. Ziolkowski, Jean A. Nielsen, Minas H. Tanielian, and Christopher L. Holloway
A very high frequency version of the electrically small, coax-fed, three-dimensional magnetic EZ antenna was designed and tested. The fabricated antenna was formed by integrating a capacitively loaded loop element with a coaxially-fed, electrically small, semicircular loop antenna. This low profile ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104102 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Efficient low-power terahertz generation via on-chip triply-resonant nonlinear frequency mixing
J. Bravo-Abad, A. W. Rodriguez, J. D. Joannopoulos, P. T. Rakich, S. G. Johnson et al.
In this letter, we show theoretically how the light-confining properties of triply-resonant photonic resonators can be tailored to enable dramatic enhancements of the conversion efficiency of terahertz (THz) generation via nonlinear frequency down-conversion processes. Using detailed numerical calcu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101110 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Higher order conformation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Hiromichi Hoshina, Yusuke Morisawa, Harumi Sato, Akitsugu Kamiya, Isao Noda et al.
Terahertz absorption spectra of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) with different conformations were measured by using a terahertz time domain spectrometer. Sharp absorption peaks were observed in the spectrum of crystalline samples. The orientation direction of the transition dipole moment was investigated ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101904 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Doping tunable resonance: Toward electrically tunable mid-infrared metamaterials
Xiaoyu Miao, Brandon Passmore, Aaron Gin, William Langston, Shivashankar Vangala et al.
We demonstrate metamaterials at the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths (812 [mu]m) that can be widely tuned by doping in adjacent semiconductor epilayers. The metamaterials are based on metallic split ring resonators (SRRs) fabricated on doped indium antimonide (InSb). Finite integral time-domain si ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101111 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Self-assembled SiGe nanoripples on Si(1 1 10) substrates
G. Chen, E. Wintersberger, G. Vastola, H. Groiss, J. Stangl et al.
SiGe heteroepitaxy on vicinal Si(1 1 10) substrates leads to the formation of a nanoscale ripple morphology. Atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering reveal that these SiGe structures are essentially prisms of triangular cross section bounded by two adjacent {105} ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103107 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Codoping of magnesium with oxygen in gallium nitride nanowires
Zhiguo Wang, Jingbo Li, Fei Gao, and William J. Weber
Codoping of p-type GaN nanowires with Mg and oxygen was investigated using first-principles calculations. The Mg becomes a deep acceptor in GaN nanowires with high ionization energy due to the quantum confinement. The ionization energy of Mg doped GaN nanowires containing passivated MgO complex decr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103112 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Experimental demonstration of the negative refraction of a transverse elastic wave in a two-dimensional solid phononic crystal
Bruno Morvan, Alain Tinel, Anne-Christine Hladky-Hennion, Jerome Vasseur, and Bertrand Dubus
The negative refraction of transverse elastic waves is demonstrated experimentally in a two-dimensional phononic crystal (PC) made of a square lattice of cylindrical air cavities in an aluminum matrix. Dispersion curves of elastic waves in this PC exhibit a unique branch with phase and group velocit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101905 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Thermomagnetically patterned micromagnets
F. Dumas-Bouchiat, L. F. Zanini, M. Kustov, N. M. Dempsey, R. Grechishkin et al.
Thermomagnetic patterning (TMP) of 4 [mu]m thick high performance NdFeB hard magnetic films deposited on Si substrates has been achieved using single pulsed laser irradiation. Uniaxially magnetised chessboard and stripe patterns with lateral feature sizes in the range 50100 [mu]m were produced. Th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102511 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Ab initio thermodynamic model to assess stability of heterostructure nanocrystals
T. Sadowski and R. Ramprasad
The tendency for homogenization of CdSe-CdTe heterostructure semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with an abrupt interface has been studied using a phenomenological model with parameters determined by ab initio density functional theory. Results indicate that wurtzite-based CdSe-CdTe heterostructure NCs ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101906 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
The transition from smooth modification to nanograting in fused silica
Feng Liang, Quan Sun, Daniel Gingras, Real Vallee, and See Leang Chin
The transition from smooth modification to nanograting was observed during nanograting formation in fused silica. This transition is very sensitive to the input laser intensity. A small deviation from the critical intensity will result in the formation of either smooth modification or nanograting. T ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101903 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Roles of lattice cooling on local heating in metal-molecule-metal junctions
Makusu Tsutsui, Masateru Taniguchi, Kazumichi Yokota, and Tomoji Kawai
We report a quantitative assessment of the efficacy of lattice cooling on mitigating local heating in a current-carrying single molecule wire connected to gold nanoelectrodes by comparative analyses of high-field effective temperatures at different ambient temperatures. We find substantial local hea ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103110 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Surface-enhanced fluorescence of praseodymium ions (Pr) on silver/silicon nanostructure
Shujuan Zhuo, Mingwang Shao, Liang Cheng, Ronghui Que, Shujuan Zhuo et al.
The enhanced fluorescence of praseodymium ions (Pr) owing to resonant plasma oscillation on the surface of Ag/Si nanostructure was investigated. When Ag/Si nanomaterials were added, the fluorescence peaks were markedly enhanced. A typical 12- to 40-fold enhancement at 604 nm and 18- to 193-fold enha ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103108 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Effects of ambient atmosphere on the transfer characteristics and gate-bias stress stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors
Sang-Yun Sung, Jun Hyuk Choi, Un Bin Han, Ki Chang Lee, Joon-Hyung Lee et al.
We investigated the transfer characteristics and the gate-bias stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors when the channel layer was exposed to hydrogen, oxygen, air, or vacuum at room temperature during measurements. The threshold voltage and the drain current were chang ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102107 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
High responsivity and internal gain mechanisms in Au-ZnMgO Schottky photodiodes
G. Tabares, A. Hierro, J. M. Ulloa, A. Guzman, E. Munoz et al.
Schottky photodiodes based on Au-ZnMgO/sapphire are demonstrated covering the spectral region from 3.35 to 3.48 eV, with UV/VIS rejection ratios up to ~10 and responsivities as high as 185 A/W. Both the rejection ratio and the responsivity are shown to be largely enhanced by the presence of an inter ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101112 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Quantum transport in graphene nanoribbons patterned by metal masks
Chuanxin Lian, Kristof Tahy, Tian Fang, Guowang Li, Huili Grace Xing et al.
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were fabricated by metal mask lithography and plasma etching. GNRs with width ~20 nm show field-effect conductance modulation of ~12 at room temperature and >10 at 4.2 K. Conductance quantization due to quantum confinement in low field transport was observed. Landauer fo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103109 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Nonmagnetic Fe-site doping of BiFeO multiferroic ceramics
Jie Wei, Raphael Haumont, Romain Jarrier, Patrik Berhtet, and Brahim Dkhil
In this paper, we show that a pure single phase by doping Fe-site of BiFeO (BFO) using tetravalent Zr ions can be achieved by introducing cation (Bi) vacancies. The structural analysis reveals that the ferroelectric nature of BFO should be weakly affected by 10% of Zr doping as the c/a ratio and the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102509 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Dielectrophoretically tuneable optical waveguides using nanoparticles in microfluidics
K. Kalantar-zadeh, K. Khoshmanesh, A. A. Kayani, S. Nahavandi, and A. Mitchell
We present a tuneable optical waveguide using dielectrophoretically controlled nanoparticles in microfluidics. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles of different sizes in de-ionized water are channelled through a microfluidic system. An array of microelectrodes generates the dielectrophoretic force to funne ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101108 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Electronic and optical properties of CdZnO quantum well structures with electric field and polarization effects
H. C. Jeon, S. H. Park, S. J. Lee, T. W. Kang, and T. F. George
Electronic, optical, and electrical properties of CdZnO/MgZnO quantum well (QW) structures, considering internal field and polarization effect, are investigated by using many-body theory. The CdZnO/MgZnO QW structure with higher Cd composition, which has deeper and stronger confinement, is found to ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101113 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
High performance tunnel injection quantum dot comb laser
Chi-Sen Lee, Wei Guo, Debashish Basu, and Pallab Bhattacharya
A high-speed multiwavelength quantum dot comb laser, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, is demonstrated. The device is characterized with a 75.9 nm (full width at half maximum) and a 91.4 nm (Delta) wide lasing spectrum. There are 105 and 185 simultaneously emitted longitudinal modes with a maximum ch ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101107 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Spin-torque driven magnetic vortex self-oscillations in perpendicular magnetic fields
G. Finocchio, V. S. Pribiag, L. Torres, R. A. Buhrman, and B. Azzerboni
We have employed complete micromagnetic simulations to analyze dc current driven self-oscillations of a vortex core in a spin-valve nanopillar in a perpendicular field by including the coupled effect of the spin-torque and the magnetostatic field computed self-consistently for the entire spin-valve. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102508 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Experimental evidence of enhanced electro-optic control on a lithium niobate photonic crystal superprism
J. Amet, G. Ulliac, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal
We present experimental evidence of an electro-optic superprism photonic crystal fabricated on a lithium niobate substrate, in agreement with simulation results. In this work, rather than changing the incident wavelength or angle to achieve large light deflections, a direct modification of the band ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103111 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Bilayer oscillation of subband effective masses in Pb/Ge(111) thin-film quantum wells
S.-J. Tang, Chang-Yeh Lee, Chien-Chung Huang, Tay-Rong Chang, Cheng-Maw Cheng et al.
Subband dispersions of quantum-well states in Pb thin films on Ge(111) have been measured with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The effective masses at the surface zone center exhibit a bilayer oscillation with thickness, in both magnitude and sign. This behavior is attributed to a strong ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103106 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Raman scattering from surface optical phonon in diameter modulated AlN nanotips
Satyaprakash Sahoo, S. Dhara, A. K. Arora, R. Krishnan, P. Chandramohan et al.
We investigate the optical phonons in AlN nanotips using Raman spectroscopy. Apart from the group theoretically allowed optical phonons, an additional phonon mode at 850 cm has been observed. Furthermore, the peak position has shown a significant redshift and its intensity increases dramatically wi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103113 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Low subthreshold slope in junctionless multigate transistors
Chi-Woo Lee, Alexei N. Nazarov, Isabelle Ferain, Nima Dehdashti Akhavan, Ran Yan et al.
The improvement of subthreshold slope due to impact ionization is compared between standard inversion-mode multigate silicon nanowire transistors and junctionless transistors. The length of the region over which impact ionization takes place, as well as the amplitude of the impact ionization rate ar ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102106 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Microwave switching of graphene field effect transistor at and far from the Dirac point
G. Deligeorgis, M. Dragoman, D. Neculoiu, D. Dragoman, G. Konstantinidis et al.
The dc and microwave experiments on a top-gate field effect transistor based on graphene, at and far from the Dirac point, are reported. Far from the Dirac point the transistor behaves as an active device, while at the Dirac point the transistor becomes a passive device, its amplification being supp ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103105 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Super-reflection and cloaking based on zero index metamaterial
Jiaming Hao, Wei Yan, and Min Qiu
A zero index metamaterial (ZIM) can be utilized to block wave (super-reflection) or conceal objects completely (cloaking). The super-reflection device can be realized by a Mu zero (Epsilon zero) metamaterial with a perfect electric (magnetic) conductor inclusion of arbitrary shape and size for a tra ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101109 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Efficient spin injection into GaAs quantum well across FeO spin filter
E. Wada, K. Watanabe, Y. Shirahata, M. Itoh, M. Yamaguchi et al.
We demonstrate efficient spin injection into GaAs across an FeO electrode. Spin polarization of electrons injected into a GaAs quantum well becomes significantly large below 120 K, reaching a value of 33% at 10 K. The large spin polarization is likely due to spin filtering effect across the insulati ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102510 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Coloring fluorescence emission with silver nanowires
Timur Shegai, Yingzhou Huang, Hongxing Xu, and Mikael Kall
We demonstrate that emission from Rhodamine-6G fluorophores adsorbed on silver nanowires experiences a spectral redshift upon propagation to the distal ends of the nanowire, with the shift being proportional to the propagation distance. The end of a nanowire thus constitutes a tunable fluorescence s ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103114 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Evolution of electron temperature in low pressure magnetized capacitive plasma
S. J. You, G. Y. Park, J. H. Kwon, J. H. Kim, H. Y. Chang et al.
The evolution of electron temperature in a low pressure magnetized capacitive discharge was investigated under the collisionless electron heating regime. The results showed that while the electron temperature increases monotonously with the magnetic field in previous study [Turner et al., Phys. Rev. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101504 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Modification of magnetic properties through the control of growth orientation and epitaxial strain in SrRuO thin films
B. W. Lee and C. U. Jung
We studied the correlation between the magnetic properties and the structural modifications in SrRuO thin films. Previous results on the control of growth orientation in SrRuO thin film have been rather limited. For example, only orthorhombic a-axis growth could be obtained for SrRuO film on SrTiO ( ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102507 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Phase-locked arrays of surface-emitting terahertz quantum-cascade lasers
Tsung-Yu Kao, Qing Hu, and John L. Reno
We report the demonstration of phase-locked arrays of surface-emitting distributed-feedback (DFB) terahertz quantum-cascade lasers with single-mode operations. Carefully designed phase sector locks several surface-emitting DFB laser ridges in-phase, creating tighter beam-patterns along the phased-ar ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101106 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
A New Multivalued Neural Network for Isomorphism Identification of Kinematic Chains
Gloria Galan-Marin, Domingo Lopez-Rodriguez, and Enrique Merida-Casermeiro
A lot of methods have been proposed for the kinematic chain isomorphism problem. However, the tool is still needed in building intelligent systems for product design and manufacturing. In this paper, we design a novel multivalued neural network that enables a simplified formulation of the graph isom ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 10, 011009 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Metrics for Degree-of-Openness of Engineering Information
Injoong Kim, Manas Bajaj, Greg Mocko, and Russell S. Peak
To evaluate the opportunities and extent to which open standards can be used in or enhanced for product lifecycle management frameworks, we have developed three metrics, namely, compatibility, completeness, and coverage, for assessing the degree-of-openness of engineering information. A simple test ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 10, 014501 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Reverse Engineering: Statistical Threshold for New Selective Sampling Morphological Descriptor
E. Vezzetti
During the digitization process of a physical object, the operator has to choose an acquisition pitch. Currently, 3D scanners employ constant pitches. For this reason the grid dimension choice normally represents a compromise between the scanner performances and specific applications, and the resolu ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 10, 011008 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Stochastic Simulations With Graphics Hardware: Characterization of Accuracy and Performance
Arvind Balijepalli, Thomas W. LeBrun, and Satyandra K. Gupta
Methods to implement stochastic simulations on the graphics processing unit (GPU) have been developed. These algorithms are used in a simulation of microassembly and nanoassembly with optical tweezers, but are also directly compatible with simulations of a wide variety of assembly techniques using e ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 10, 011010 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Mesh Processing for Computerized Facial Anthropometry
Dhanannjay Deo and Dibakar Sen
Understanding of the shape and size of different features of the human body from scanned data is necessary for automated design and evaluation of product ergonomics. In this paper, a computational framework is presented for automatic detection and recognition of important facial feature regions, fro ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 10, 011007 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Embedded Suction Anchors for Mooring of a Floating Breakwater
D. J. Kwag, I. H. Cho, S. Bang, and Y. Cho
A floating breakwater was built in Southern Korea. Four separate floating breakwater units were moored to ten deeply buried embedded suction anchors. The embedded suction anchor is a type of permanent offshore foundation installed by a suction pile. The cross section of the embedded suction anchor i ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 021603 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Optimization of Steel Monopod-Offshore-Towers Under Probabilistic Constraints
Halil Karadeniz, Vedat Togan, and Ton Vrouwenvelder
In this work, economical design implementation of a circular steel monopod-offshore-tower, which is subjected to the extreme wave loading, is presented. The mass of the tower is considered as the objective function. The thickness and radius of the cross section of the tower are adopted as design var ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 021605 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
The Hermite Moment Model for Highly Skewed Response With Application to Tension Leg Platforms
Myoungkeun Choi and Bert Sweetman
A new addition to the statistical Hermite moment model of extremes is introduced for use on processes with high skewness and near-Gaussian kurtosis. The monotone limits of the existing model are expressed as ellipses in response moment space and a new methodology is introduced that combines hardenin ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 021602 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Nonlinear Crest Height Distribution in Three-Dimensional Ocean Waves
Felice Arena and Alfredo Ascanelli
The interest and studies on nonlinear waves are increased recently for their importance in the interaction with floating and fixed bodies. It is also well-known that nonlinearities influence wave crest and wave trough distributions, both deviating from the Rayleigh law. In this paper, a theoretical ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 021604 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Characterization of the Compressive Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane Foam at Different Strain Rates
Huiyang Luo, Yanli Zhang, Bo Wang, and Hongbing Lu
A glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam (R-PUF), used for thermal insulation of liquefied natural gas tanks, was characterized to determine its compressive strength, modulus, and relaxation behavior. Compressive tests were conducted at different strain rates, ranging from 10 s to 10 s using a s ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 021301 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Ru for Cu Interconnect Capping Applications
C.-C. Yang, F. R. McFeely, P.-C. Wang, K. Chanda, and D. C. Edelstein
A selective chemical vapor deposition process of a ruthenium (Ru) metal capping layer was investigated for Cu interconnects in ultralarge scale integrated circuits. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy determined the Ru deposition selectivity as a function of the deposition temperature and substrate mate ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, D33 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Bipolar Resistive Switching Memory Using Cu Metallic Filament in GeSe Solid Electrolyte
S. Z. Rahaman, S. Maikap, H.-C. Chiu, C.-H. Lin, T.-Y. Wu et al.
A bipolar resistive switching memory device with a low power operation (200 [mu]A x 1.3 V) in a W/GeSe/Cu/Al structure is investigated. A high quality GeSe solid electrolyte is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resistive memory device with a small via size of 0.2 [mu]m has a larg ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, H159 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Output Power of AlGaInP Light Emitting Diode Improved by Double Roughening AlGaInP Surfaces
Ping-Wei Huang and YewChung Sermon Wu
An AlGaInP-based vertical light emitting diode (LED) comprising double roughened (GaP and n-AlGaInP) surfaces and a bottom metal reflector was fabricated by surface-etching and wafer-bonding technologies. The roughened GaP surface was created by photolithography and wet etching, while the AlGaInP su ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, H163 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Thermodynamic Control of Iron Reactivation from the Passive State in Mild Acid
Jaganathan Ulaganathan and Roger C. Newman
Small iron electrodes were reactivated from the passive state in pH 4.7 acetate buffer. An inverted Tafel type of behavior was observed and interpreted in terms of thermodynamic control of the reactivation kinetics: The dissolution rate cannot exceed the value at which the interfacial concentration ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, C13 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Comments on the Nature of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Phase Distribution in Pb(ZrTi)OCoFeO Composites
Sarmistha Basu, K. Ramesh Babu, and R. N. P. Choudhary
The measured coupling coefficients for 03 type multiferroic composites are usually inferior to the theoretical prediction. To pole these composites, it is important to inhibit the percolation of the low resistive magnetostrictive phase in a piezoelectric matrix. To yield 03 type composites, a synthe ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, G47 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Investigations of the Electrochemical Stability of Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
Colin Wessells, Riccardo Ruffomicron, Robert A. Huggins, and Yi Cui
The electrolytic stability windows of several aqueous electrolytes were investigated by a constant current method. The electrode potential range depended upon the value of the imposed current. The magnitude of this behavior varied with the salt solution, its concentration, and pH of the electrolyte. ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A59 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
In Situ Deformations in the Immature Brain During Rapid Rotations
Nicole G. Ibrahim, Rahul Natesh, Spencer E. Szczesny, Karen Ryall, Stephanie A. Eucker et al.
Head trauma is the leading cause of death and debilitating injury in children. Computational models are important tools used to understand head injury mechanisms but they must be validated with experimental data. In this communication we present in situ measurements of brain deformation during rapid ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 044501 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Experimental Investigation of the Flow of Bile in Patient Specific Cystic Duct Models
Mushtak Al-Atabi, S. B. Chin, and X. Y. Luo
Three-dimensional scaled-up transparent models of three human cystic ducts were prepared on the basis of anatomical specimens. The measurement of pressure drop across the cystic duct models and visualization of the flow structures within these ducts were performed at conditions replicating the physi ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 041003 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Enhancing sensitivity of biconical tapered fiber sensors with multiple passes through the taper
Gregory Cohoon, Chris Boyter, Michael Errico, Kurt Vandervoort, and Ertan Salik
A single biconical fiber taper is a simple and low-cost yet powerful sensor. With a distinct strength in refractive index (RI) sensing, biconical tapered fiber sensors can find their place in handheld sensor platforms, especially as biosensors that are greatly needed in health care, environmental pr ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 034401 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Face recognition based on fringe pattern analysis
Hong Guo and Peisen Huang
Two-dimensional face-recognition techniques suffer from facial texture and illumination variations. Although 3-D techniques can overcome these limitations, the reconstruction and storage expenses of 3-D information are extremely high. We present a novel face-recognition method that directly utilizes ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 037201 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Videogrammetric system for dynamic deformation measurement during metal sheet welding processes
Jian-Wei Liu, Jin Liang, Xin-He Liang, and Zheng-Zong Tang
A videogrammetric system is proposed for monitoring the 3-D deformation time history of a metal sheet surface during welding, which could not be achieved by traditional displacement sensors. Two commercial-grade digital video cameras are used for image acquisition. The major algorithms of the videog ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 033601 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Effect of two-photon absorption on soliton propagation and soliton-soliton interaction in a silicon waveguide
Amarendra K. Sarma, Manirupa Saha, and Anjan Biswas
We demonstrate the formation of a fundamental soliton from a higher order soliton in a silicon waveguide if the two-photon absorption (TPA) parameter is judiciously chosen. We also report the effect of TPA on soliton-soliton interaction in a silicon waveguide. ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 035001 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Relevance and Interest
Ronald G. Driggers
Abstract not available. [Opt. Eng. 49, 030101 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
beta-GaO growth by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Min-Ying Tsai, Oliver Bierwagen, Mark E. White, and James S. Speck
The authors demonstrate the heteroepitaxial and homoepitaxial growth of single crystalline beta-GaO by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Phase-pure ([overline 2]01) and (100) beta-GaO thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire and (100) beta-GaO substrates, respectively. Based on the homoepitax ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 354 (2010)] published Wed Mar 10, 2010.
Fluorinated HfO gate dielectric engineering on InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors
Yen-Ting Chen, Han Zhao, Yanzhen Wang, Fei Xue, Fei Zhou et al.
In this work, we demonstrate that the electrical performance of HfO/InGaAs gate stack can be greatly improved by incorporating fluorine (F) and engineering its concentration depth profile with respect to HfO bulk and the HfO/InGaAs interface. We introduce F into gate stacks in two ways: CF plasma tr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103506 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Thermally mediated multiferroic composites for the magnetoelectric materials
S. G. Lu, Z. Fang, E. Furman, Y. Wang, Q. M. Zhang et al.
A magnetoelectric (ME) composite through thermal mediation is presented, which is different from the traditional strain/stress mediated ME composites. The ME laminate uses the large magnetocaloric effect, that is, a temperature change induced in the ferromagnetic Gd crystal by a magnetic field, and ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102902 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Effect of trace moisture on friction
Y. Liu and I. Szlufarska
We report that even in nominally dry conditions trace moisture present on hydrophilic surfaces of SiC leads to a considerable increase in friction via formation of hydrogen bonds across the sliding interface. We perform quantum mechanical calculations to demonstrate that frictional instabilities on ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101902 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Single-electron pumping from a quantum dot into an electrode
Kenji Sasaoka, Takahiro Yamamoto, and Satoshi Watanabe
The transient current dynamics of a quantum capacitor consisting of a quantum dot connected to a single electrode has been theoretically investigated by the nonequilibrium Green's function method. We have clarified the influence of dot-electrode coupling strength on the transient current behavior of ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102105 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Experimental evidence for orientation property of Pb(ZrTi)O by manipulating polar axis angle using CaF substrate
Satoru Utsugi, Takashi Fujisawa, Yoshitaka Ehara, Tomoaki Yamada, Masaaki Matsushima et al.
Perfectly oriented (001), (101), and (111) Pb(ZrTi)O (PZT) films were grown on identical (111)CaF substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. These films exclude domains parallel to the surface; therefore, all domains are actively switchable under the electric field between top and bottom ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102905 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Heat assisted spin torque switching of quasistable nanomagnets across a vacuum gap
G. Herzog, S. Krause, and R. Wiesendanger
Current-induced magnetization switching of thermally quasistable magnetic nanoislands is demonstrated using a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope. The magnetization of an individual Fe nanoisland consisting of about 40 atoms on a W(110) surface is reversibly switched between two quasistable ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102505 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
An electrically injected quantum dot spin polarized single photon source
Pallab Bhattacharya, Ayan Das, Debashish Basu, Wei Guo, and Junseok Heo
The characteristics of an electrically injected spin polarized single photon source have been investigated. The GaAs-based microcavity diode consists of a single InAs/GaAs self-organized quantum dot as the single photon source and a MnAs/AlGaAs Schottky tunnel barrier for the ferromagnetic contact t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101105 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Critical oxygen concentration in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells dependent on the contamination source
Jan Woerdenweber, Tsvetelina Merdzhanova, Helmut Stiebig, Wolfhard Beyer, and Aad Gordijn
For hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells, the critical concentration of a given impurity defines the lowest concentration which causes a decay of solar cell efficiency. Values of 25 x 10 cm are commonly found for the critical oxygen concentration (C) of a-Si:H. Here we report a depen ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103505 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Angular and prism coupling refractive enhancement in dye solar cells
Lorenzo Dominici, Luigi Vesce, Daniele Colonna, Francesco Michelotti, Thomas M. Brown et al.
We quantify the strong dependence of photocurrent on the angle of incidence of light in a dye solar cell (DSC). Under laser illumination the photocurrent increases for large incidence angles. The enhancements are different upon using or not a coupling prism. They are explained with a model including ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103302 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Interfacial oxygen and nitrogen induced dipole formation and vacancy passivation for increased effective work functions in TiN/HfO gate stacks
C. L. Hinkle, R. V. Galatage, R. A. Chapman, E. M. Vogel, H. N. Alshareef et al.
Effective work function (EWF) changes of TiN/HfO annealed at low temperatures in different ambient environments are correlated with the atomic concentration of oxygen in the TiN near the metal/dielectric interface. EWF increases of 550 meV are achieved with anneals that incorporate oxygen throughout ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103502 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Electrical characterization of devices based on carbon nanotube films
Charlie Koechlin, Sylvain Maine, Riad Haidar, Brigitte Tretout, Annick Loiseau et al.
Statistical study of electrical conduction on a large array of devices based on carbon nanotube films shows a weakly dispersive film conductivity, and a specific contact resistance of 1.1 10 Omega cm, which is four orders of magnitude lower than previously reported values. This allows identifying ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103501 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
AlGaN-based ultraviolet photodetector with micropillar structures
Wei-Chih Lai, Li-Chi Peng, Chien-Chun Chen, Jinn-Kong Sheu, and Shih-Chang Shei
We demonstrated a single AlGaN layer with two different Al contents on the GaN [mu]-pillars template. It was found by the selective wavelength spatial cathodoluminescence images that the emission wavelengths of the AlGaN layer were at 345 and 325 nm on the side of the cone and on the top and valley ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102104 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
A high-k TbTiO nanocrystal memory
Tung-Ming Pan, Fa-Hsyang Chen, and Ji-Shing Jung
In this letter, a metal-oxide-high-k-oxide-silicon (MOHOS) memory structure incorporating a high-k TbTiO nanocrystal film as the charge trapping layer is reported for nonvolatile memory application. The structural and morphological features of these films were explored by x-ray diffraction, transmis ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102904 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Morphology and bonding states of chemical vapor deposition diamond films nucleation surface
Z. Shpilman, I. Gouzman, E. Grossman, R. Akhvlediani, and A. Hoffman
The morphology and chemical bonding of the nucleation surface of polycrystalline diamond films were studied following the removal of the silicon substrate by acid etching and mild plasma cleaning. Atomic force microscopy characterization of this surface revealed a mosaic structure of cracks arranged ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104101 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Proof of concept of the quantum capacitance detector
J. Bueno, M. D. Shaw, P. K. Day, and P. M. Echternach
We fabricated and tested a proof-of-concept quantum capacitance detector, a superconducting radiation detector described in a recent publication [Shaw et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 144511 (2009)]. In this concept, quasiparticle tunneling in a single Cooper-pair box is used to measure the density of quasi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103503 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Intrinsic electrocaloric effects in ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers: Roles of order of phase transition and stresses
B. Li, W. J. Ren, X. W. Wang, H. Meng, X. G. Liu et al.
The electrocaloric effects accompanied with the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transitions in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) are investigated within the LandauDevonshire theory. Just changing the nature of the phase transition from the first-order to the second-order reduces the is ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102903 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Readout for phase qubits without Josephson junctions
Matthias Steffen, Shwetank Kumar, David DiVincenzo, George Keefe, Mark Ketchen et al.
We present a readout scheme for phase qubits which eliminates the read-out superconducting quantum interference device so that the entire qubit and measurement circuitry only require a single Josephson junction. Our scheme capacitively couples the phase qubit directly to a transmission line and dete ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102506 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Droop in InGaN light-emitting diodes: A differential carrier lifetime analysis
Aurelien David and Michael J. Grundmann
To investigate the variation in internal quantum efficiency in InGaN structures, we measure the differential carrier lifetime of an InGaN/GaN double-heterostructure light-emitting diode under varying electroluminescence injection conditions. By coupling this measurement to an internal quantum effici ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103504 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Uniform-field transverse electroreflectance using a mode-locked laser and a radio-frequency bias
J. K. Wahlstrand, H. Zhang, and S. T. Cundiff
We describe a technique for transverse electroreflectance that uses broadband optical pulses from a mode-locked laser and a rapidly oscillating bias with a frequency near half the laser repetition rate. Since the electrodes are electrically isolated from the sample, highly nonuniform trap-enhanced f ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101104 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Film Bulk Acoustic-Wave Resonator Based Relative Humidity Sensor Using ZnO Films
Xiaotun Qiu, Jon Oiler, Jie Zhu, Ziyu Wang, Rui Tang et al.
This article described relative humidity (RH) sensing using a ZnO-based film bulk acoustic-wave resonator (FBAR). The resonant frequency of the FBAR decreased in a two-stage manner as the RH increased. For low RH, a frequency downshift of 2.2 kHz per 1% RH change was observed. This effect was attrib ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, J65 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Nature of Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a Functional Additive and Its Contribution to High Rate Performance in Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery
Yong Min Lee, Young-Gi Lee, Yong-Mook Kang, and Kuk Young Cho
The high rate discharge behavior of a lithium-ion secondary battery (LIB) in which each LiCoO and Li metal corresponds to the cathode and the anode is investigated with the introduction of functional additives. Representative additives such as vinylene carbonate, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A55 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Ternary Combinatorial Library of (Sr,Ba,Ca)SiNO Phosphors in Terms of Photoluminescence and Color Chromaticity
Bo Yong Han and Kee-Sun Sohn
Although detailed information about divalent europium-doped SrSiNO, BaSiNO, and CaSiNO phosphors and their binary mixtures and solid solutions is now well known, no attempt has been made to examine ternary (Sr,Ba,Ca)SiNO. In this regard, we employed high throughput, solid-state synthesis and charact ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, J62 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Electrosynthesis of Bismuth Vanadate Photoelectrodes
Luiz Henrique Dall'Antonia, Norma R. de Tacconi, Wilaiwan Chanmanee, Hari Timmaji, Noseung Myung et al.
A two-step electrosynthesis strategy was conceived and demonstrated for the preparation of BiVO films supported on Pt substrate. In the first step, a Bi film was electrodeposited on the substrate from an acidic BiCl medium. In the second step, this film, after transfer to a medium containing (hydrol ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, D29 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Low temperature exfoliation process in hydrogen-implanted germanium layers
I. P. Ferain, K. Y. Byun, C. A. Colinge, S. Brightup, and M. S. Goorsky
The feasibility of transferring hydrogen-implanted germanium to silicon with a reduced thermal budget is demonstrated. Germanium samples were implanted with a splitting dose of 5 x 10 H cm at 180 keV and a two-step anneal was performed. Surface roughness and x-ray diffraction pattern measurements, ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054315 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Ab initio study of point defect structures and energetics in ZrC
Sungtae Kim, Izabela Szlufarska, and Dane Morgan
The potential use of ZrC for nuclear applications in irradiated environments makes it important to determine the structure and energetics of its point defects. In this paper the structures and energies of potential vacancy and interstitial point defects are examined by means of ab initio calculation ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053521 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Relaxation phenomena in tellurite glasses
R. El-Mallawany, M. Sidky, and H. Afifi
The new semiconducting noncrystalline solid tellurite glasses of the form 0.7 TeO(0.3x)VOxAO have been prepared in bulk form with different compositions where AO is CeO or ZnO and x=0.03,0.05,0.07,0.10 mol %. Longitudinal ultrasonic attenuation in these glasses has been measured at frequencies of ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053523 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Temperature dependent carrier lifetime studies of Mo in crystalline silicon
Bijaya B. Paudyal, Keith R. McIntosh, Daniel H. Macdonald, and Gianluca Coletti
The capture cross sections of both electrons sigma and holes sigma were determined for interstitial molybdenum in crystalline silicon over the temperature range of 110 to 150 degrees C. Carrier lifetime measurements were performed on molybdenum-contaminated silicon using a temperature controlled ph ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054511 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Zintl phase YbCaCdSb with tunable thermoelectric properties induced by cation substitution
Qi-Gao Cao, Hui Zhang, Mei-Bo Tang, Hao-Hong Chen, Xin-Xin Yang et al.
It has been shown previously that the thermoelectric properties of the Zintl phase compound YbCdSb can be finely tuned via Zn substitution at the Cd-site in the anionic (CdSb) framework. Here we report the results of the investigation of isoelectronic substitution of Yb by Ca. The p-type YbCaCdSb (0 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053714 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Z profile diagnostics using visible bremsstrahlung continuum for nonaxisymmetric plasmas with finite beta in large helical device
H. Y. Zhou, S. Morita, M. Goto, and C. F. Dong
An astigmatism-corrected CzernyTurner-type visible spectrometer coupled with a charge-coupled device has been installed in large helical device (LHD) to measure visible bremsstrahlung continuum. A full vertical profile has been observed from the elliptical plasmas at horizontally elongated plasma cr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053306 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Terahertz and infrared photodetection using p-i-n multiple-graphene-layer structures
V. Ryzhii, M. Ryzhii, V. Mitin, and T. Otsuji
We propose to utilize multiple-graphene-layer structures with lateral p-i-n junctions for terahertz and infrared (IR) photodetection and substantiate the operation of photodetectors based on these structures. Using the developed device model, we calculate the detector dc responsivity and detectivity ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054512 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Properties of TiO-based transparent conducting oxide thin films on GaN(0001) surfaces
J. Kasai, T. Hitosugi, M. Moriyama, K. Goshonoo, N. L. H. Hoang et al.
Anatase Nb-doped TiO transparent conducting oxide has been formed on GaN(0001) surfaces using a sputtering method. Amorphous films deposited at room temperature were annealed at a substrate temperature of 500 degrees C in vacuum to form single-phase anatase films. Films with a thickness of 170 nm e ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053110 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Dynamic evolution of welding residual stress field under noncontact electromagnetic force
Da Xu, Xuesong Liu, Ping Wang, Jianguo Yang, Wei Xu et al.
Controlling welding residual stress and distortion has still been a challenging problem due to the complexity of welding process. In this paper, a new technique with inductive electromagnetic forces has been reported for controlling welding residual stresses and distortion in welded thin plate. In o ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054904 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Broadband transparency by graded metamaterials
En-Bo Wei, L. Sun, and K. W. Yu
In the quasistatic limit, Rayleigh scattering is investigated for a graded spherical metamaterial when the wavelength of light is larger than the particle diameter. As a theoretical model, we have exactly derived the dipole factor of the Rayleigh scattering electric field induced by the graded spher ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053522 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Modeling the Kelvin polarization force actuation of micro- and nanomechanical systems
Silvan Schmid, Christofer Hierold, and Anja Boisen
Polarization forces have become of high interest in micro- and nanomechanical systems. In this paper, an analytical model for a transduction scheme based on the Kelvin polarization force is presented. A dielectric beam is actuated by placing it over the gap of two coplanar electrodes. Finite element ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054510 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Structural understanding of the spectral characteristics of SnO:Eu:YO, using extended x-ray absorption fine structure
Debdutta Lahiri, R. S. Ningthoujam, Dibyendu Bhattacharyya, and Surinder M. Sharma
SnO:Eu is a well-known luminescent material, emitting red and orange lines. The intensity ratio of red to orange emission, being sensitive to the deviation of Eu ions from symmetric location, finds wide application as sensor. The luminescence intensity of such lanthanide-doped sensors is generally o ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054316 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Evidence of spin-density-wave transition and enhanced thermoelectric properties in CaCeCoO
G. D. Tang, Z. H. Wang, X. N. Xu, L. Qiu, and Y. W. Du
We have investigated the effect of Ce doping on the magnetic and low-temperature thermoelectric properties of CaCoO. A small shoulder occurring at about 23 K in the dchi/dT curve indicates an occurrence of spin-density-wave transition, which is confirmed by resistance characteristics. With partial C ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053715 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Parameters affecting electrospray performance of hot-embossed open-channel polymer microfluidic chips
Sana Malahat, Pio G. Iovenitti, and Igor Sbarski
We investigate the effect of chip tip-to-counter electrode spacing (gap), channel-size aspect ratio, onset voltage on electrospray ionization (ESI) performance of embossed polymer microfluidic chips. Planar polymer substrates were hot embossed using an electroformed tool and a laser machined tool. T ... [J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS 9, 013050 (2010)] published Tue Mar 9, 2010.
Characteristics of a pentacene thin film transistor with periodic groove patterned poly(methylmethacrylate) dielectrics
Qijun Sun, Ju-Hyung Kim, Jung-Hwan Park, and Soonmin Seo
Soft contact lamination enabled to assess the effects of angle variation of the periodic groove patterns on the same pentacene thin film transistors with a 140 nm periodic groove patterned dielectric layer. An angle was formed when the source-drain current and the groove direction of the dielectric ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103301 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Investigating the origin of Fermi level pinning in Ge Schottky junctions using epitaxially grown ultrathin MgO films
Yi Zhou, Wei Han, Yong Wang, Faxian Xiu, Jin Zou et al.
Fermi level (FL) pinning at the Ge valence band results in a high Schottky barrier height for all metal/n-Ge contacts. The origin of this pinning effect has been ascribed to either metal induced gap states or surface states arise from the native defects at the Ge surface, such as dangling bonds. The ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102103 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Strong drive compression of a gas-cooled positron plasma
D. B. Cassidy, R. G. Greaves, V. E. Meligne, and A. P. Mills, Jr.
The use of rotating electric fields to control plasmas has found numerous applications in the manipulation and storage of antimatter. When used in strong magnetic fields plasma heating caused by the applied field is mitigated by cyclotron cooling, leading to an efficient broadband mode of compressio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101502 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Simultaneous generation of intersubband absorption and quantum well intermixing through silicon ion implantation in undoped InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells
G. W. Cong, R. Akimoto, S. Gozu, T. Mozume, T. Hasama et al.
We demonstrated the intersubband absorption in undoped InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells through silicon ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. For an implantation dose of 1 x 10 cm, the actual carrier density of a sample annealed at 600 degrees C for 1 min was ~7.5 x 10 cm (~75% ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101901 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Ferrimagnetism in zigzag graphene nanoribbons induced by main-group adatoms
Erjun Kan, Hongjun Xiang, Fang Wu, Changhoon Lee, Jinlong Yang et al.
Density functional calculations for zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) with adsorbed adatom A (=B,C,N) show that these adatoms prefer the sites near the edge, and convert the antiferromagnetism of pristine ZGNRs into ferrimagnetism with high magnetic moment (i.e., 1, 2, and 1 [mu] per adatom for A ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102503 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Effects of barrier layers on device performance of high mobility InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors
Han Zhao, Yen-Ting Chen, Jung Hwan Yum, Yanzhen Wang, Fei Zhou et al.
We have applied single InP barrier layer with different thicknesses and InP/InAlAs double-barrier layer to InGaAs AlO metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) and investigated their effects on device performance. InGaAs MOSFETs with 3 nm InP single-barrier attain 22% higher peak ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Plasma effects on subcellular structures
Bomi Gweon, Daeyeon Kim, Dan Bee Kim, Heesoo Jung, Wonho Choe et al.
Atmospheric pressure helium plasma treated human hepatocytes exhibit distinctive zones of necrotic and live cells separated by a void. We propose that plasma induced necrosis is attributed to plasma species such as oxygen radicals, charged particles, metastables and/or severe disruption of charged c ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101501 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Growth modes of ZnO nanostructures from laser ablation
I. Amarilio-Burshtein, S. Tamir, and Y. Lifshitz
ZnO nanowires (NWs) and other nanostructures were grown by laser ablation of a ZnO containing target onto different substrates with and without the presence of an Au catalyst. The morphology and structure of the NWs were studied using high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopes [i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103104 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Thin film dielectric microstrip kinetic inductance detectors
Benjamin A. Mazin, Daniel Sank, Sean McHugh, Erik A. Lucero, Andrew Merrill et al.
Microwave kinetic inductance detectors, or MKIDs, are a type of low temperature detector that exhibit intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing at microwave frequencies. We present the first theory and measurements on a MKID based on a microstrip transmission line resonator. A complete characterizatio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102504 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Size-dependent thermal conductivity of individual single-crystalline PbTe nanowires
Jong Wook Roh, So Young Jang, Joohoon Kang, Seunghyun Lee, Jin-Seo Noh et al.
We investigated the thermal conductivity of individual single-crystalline PbTe nanowires grown by a chemical vapor transport method. Thermal conductivities of PbTe nanowires 182436 nm in diameter were measured using suspended microdevices. The thermal conductivity of a PbTe nanowire appeared to decr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Strain relaxation in epitaxial (Pb,Sr)TiO thin films on NdGaO substrates
Y. Lin, C. Dai, Y. R. Li, X. Chen, C. L. Chen et al.
Strain relaxation behavior of (Pb,Sr)TiO thin films on (110) NdGaO substrates fabricated under different conditions have been investigated using high resolution x-ray diffraction. Dislocation densities and interfacial strain distribution have been systematically studied with samples in different pos ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102901 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Acoustic stabilization of electric arc instabilities in nontransferred plasma torches
V. Rat and J. F. Coudert
Electric arc instabilities in dc plasma torches lead to nonhomogeneous treatments of nanosized solid particles or liquids injected within thermal plasma jets. This paper shows that an additional acoustic resonator mounted on the cathode cavity allows reaching a significant damping of these instabili ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101503 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Temperature induced in-plane/out-of-plane magnetization transition in ferromagnetic GaMnAsP/(100)GaAs thin films
M. Cubukcu, H. J. von Bardeleben, J. L. Cantin, and A. Lemaitre
Phosphorous alloying in the y=0.06 range allows to engineer ferromagnetic GaMnAsP/(100)GaAs thin films with standard x=0.07 Mn doping in which the easy axes of magnetization can be changed from in-plane to out-of-plane by a small (10 K) temperature rise. Ferromagnetic resonance investigations show t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102502 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Effects of atomic-scale surface morphology on carbon nanotube alignment on thermally oxidized silicon surface
Kazuki Yamada, Shohei Chiashi, Katsuhiro Takahashi, and Yoshikazu Homma
We have investigated the effects of atomic-scale surface morphology on the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth by using atomic step-structure-controlled SiO/Si substrates. SWNTs initially extended randomly on the surface, and when they became longer than 3 [mu]m, they followed the atomic st ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Grain--oriented anisotropy in the bonded giant magnetostrictive material
Hao Meng, Tianli Zhang, Chengbao Jiang, and Huibin Xu
A strong preferred orientation is induced along the axis of the TbDyFe/epoxy bonded giant magnetostrictive rods by curing the epoxy under a moderate magnetic field. TbDyFe particles with a size distribution of 200300 [mu]m align in an epoxy matrix, showing an approximate chain structure. A high ma ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102501 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Multiband quantum transport simulations of ultimate p-type double-gate transistors: Influence of the channel orientation
Nicolas Cavassilas, Nicolas Pons, Fabienne Michelini, and Marc Bescond
We present a ballistic real-space six-band k.p transport model to study the influence of the channel orientation in double-gate p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (pMOS) transistors. The six-band k.p Hamiltonian is integrated into a self-consistent two-dimensional ballistic transport simulator based o ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Correlating structural and resistive changes in Ti:NiO resistive memory elements
O. Heinonen, M. Siegert, A. Roelofs, A. K. Petford-Long, M. Holt et al.
Structural and resistive changes in Ti-doped NiO resistive random access memory structures that occur upon electroforming have been investigated using hard x-ray microscopy. Electroforming leads to structural changes in regions of size up to about one micrometer, much larger than the grain size of t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 103103 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
All-silicon sub-Gb/s telecom detector with low dark current and high quantum efficiency on chip
Takasumi Tanabe, Hisashi Sumikura, Hideaki Taniyama, Akihiko Shinya, and Masaya Notomi
We demonstrate channel selective 0.1-Gb/s photoreceiver operation at telecom wavelength using a silicon high-Q photonic crystal nanocavity with a laterally integrated p-i-n diode. Due to the good crystal property of silicon the measured dark current is only 15 pA. The linear and nonlinear characteri ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101103 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Improvement of quantum efficiency by employing active-layer-friendly lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layer in green light-emitting diodes
Hee Jin Kim, Suk Choi, Seong-Soo Kim, Jae-Hyun Ryou, P. Douglas Yoder et al.
Improvement of the internal quantum efficiency in green-light emitting diodes has been achieved using lattice-matched InAlN electron-blocking layers. Higher electroluminescence intensities have been obtained due to better electron confinement in the device active region. The device efficiency has al ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Growth of linearly ordered arrays of InAs nanocrystals on scratched InP
H. D. Fonseca-Filho, C. M. Almeida, R. Prioli, M. P. Pires, P. L. Souza et al.
Linear arrays of InAs nanocrystals have been produced by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on scratches performed with an atomic force microscope tip along specific crystallographic directions of an (100) InP wafer. Scratches along generate highly mobile defects that extend far from the scratch regi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054313 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Native oxides and carbon contamination removal from InAs(100) surface by molecular hydrogen flow at moderate substrate temperatures: Stoichiometric and morphological studies
Y. Lyadov, R. Akhvlediani, A. Hoffman, O. Klin, and E. Weiss
Native oxides and carbonaceous contamination removal from InAs(100) surfaces by thermal annealing at reduced temperatures under molecular hydrogen flow is reported and compared to vacuum annealing at similar temperatures. The thermal annealing experiments were carried out in the 250360 degrees C ra ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053518 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Effect of carbon addition on the single crystalline magnetostriction of Fe-X (X=Al and Ga) alloys
Mianliang Huang, Yingzhou Du, Robert J. McQueeney, and Thomas A. Lograsso
The effect of carbon addition on the magnetostriction of FeGa and FeAl alloys was investigated and is summarized in this study. It was found that the addition of carbon generally increased the magnetostriction over binary alloys of FeGa and FeAl systems. The formation of carbide in the FeGaC alloys ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053520 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
A chip-level electrothermal-coupled design model for high-power light-emitting diodes
Shanjin Huang, Hao Wu, Bingfeng Fan, Baijun Zhang, and Gang Wang
An advanced three-dimensional electrothermal-coupled simulation model basing on finite-element method numerical simulation is developed to study the electrical and thermal properties of chip-level high-power GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The current spreading, heat generation, and transfer ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054509 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Morphological evolution of pulsed laser deposited ZrO thin films
R. Alvarez, A. Palmero, L. O. Prieto-Lopez, F. Yubero, J. Cotrino et al.
Morphological evolution of ZrO thin films deposited during pulsed laser deposition of Zr in O atmosphere has been experimentally studied at two different film deposition temperatures, 300 and 873 K. The roughness exponent, alpha, the growth exponent, beta, the coarsening exponent, 1/z, and the expon ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054311 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Evaluation of threading dislocation densities in In- and N-face InN
C. S. Gallinat, G. Koblmuller, Feng Wu, and J. S. Speck
The threading dislocation (TD) structure and density has been studied in In- and N-face InN films grown on GaN by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The TD densities were determined by nondestructive x-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements in on-axis symmetric and off-axis skew symmetric g ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053517 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
The effect of vacancies on dynamic response of single crystal Cu to shock waves
Sheng-Nian Luo, Timothy C. Germann, and Davis L. Tonks
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the effect of vacancies on the dynamic response of single crystal Cu to [100] shock loading, including plasticity and spallation, for an initial vacancy concentration (c) ranging from 0% to 2%. A fixed impact velocity is adopted, for which pl ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 056102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Light-induced stress relief to improve flaw tolerance in network polymers
Kevin N. Long, Martin L. Dunn, Timothy F. Scott, Lucas P. Turpin, and H. Jerry Qi
We demonstrate the ability to use photoactivated stress relaxation to improve flaw tolerance in network polymers. Unlike most self-healing polymers, which effectively close flaws by locally introducing healing agents (such as uncured resins), here light is used to relax elevated stresses around a fl ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053519 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
An analytic model of thermal drift in piezoresistive microcantilever sensors
A. Loui, S. Elhadj, D. J. Sirbuly, S. K. McCall, B. R. Hart et al.
A closed-form semiempirical model has been developed to understand the physical origins of thermal drift in piezoresistive microcantilever sensors. The two-component model describes both the effects of temperature-related bending and heat dissipation on the piezoresistance. The temperature-related b ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054508 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Isotopic effects on the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons: Localization mechanism
Jin-Wu Jiang, Jinghua Lan, Jian-Sheng Wang, and Baowen Li
Thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) with length 106 A and width 4.92 A after isotopic doping is investigated by molecular dynamics with quantum correction. Two interesting phenomena are found, (1) isotopic doping reduces thermal conductivity effectively in low doping region, and the r ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054314 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Stress and doping uniformity of laser crystallized amorphous silicon in thin film silicon solar cells
R. M. B. Agaiby, M. Becker, S. B. Thapa, U. Urmoneit, A. Berger et al.
Simultaneous and locally resolved determination of the mechanical stress variation and the free hole concentration using Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated in laser crystallized amorphous silicon layers. Such layers are often used for the fabrication of thin film solar cells, e.g., on borosilicate g ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054312 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Si/SiGe quantum cascade superlattice designs for terahertz emission
G. Matmon, D. J. Paul, L. Lever, M. Califano, Z. Ikonic et al.
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact sources that have demonstrated high output powers at terahertz (THz) frequencies. To date, all THz QCLs have been realized in III-V materials. Results are presented from SiGe quantum cascade superlattice designs emitting at around 3 THz which have been grown ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053109 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Slurry on the Polishing Rate of Polycrystalline GeSbTe Film in Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Jong-Young Cho, Hao Cui, Jin-Hyung Park, Sok-Ho Yi, and Jea-Gun Park
In chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), the polishing rate of GeSbTe (GST) films increases sharply with HO concentration up to 0.2 wt % and then increases slightly with a further increase in HO concentration up to 3.0 wt %. However, the polishing rate of SiO films increases very slightly with HO con ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, H155 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Strain Relaxation during Formation of Ge Nanolens Stacks
H. T. Chang, W. Y. Chen, T. M. Hsu, P. S. Shushpannikov, R. V. Goldstein et al.
Self-aligned stacked Ge nanolenses were fabricated by selective chemical wet etching of Ge dot/Si multilayers. After removal of Si spacers, Ge nanodots become more lenticular. Based on the results of Raman spectroscopy, this shape change is attributed to the strain relief of Ge nanodots. The geometr ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, K43 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Anisotropic heat propagation velocity in quantum cascade lasers
Miriam S. Vitiello and Gaetano Scamarcio
We report on the time-resolved measurement of the in-plane (v) and cross-plane (v) components of the heat transfer velocity in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-cascade heterostructures. We compared the heating and cooling stages both in the active region and in the substrate with models of heat transfer in nanos ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Simulation of Portal Hemodynamic Changes in a Donor After Right Hepatectomy
Cheng-Maw Ho, Reui-Kuo Lin, Shun-Feng Tsai, Rey-Hen Hu, Po-Chin Liang et al.
Remnant livers will be regenerated in live donors after a large volume resection for transplantation. How the structures and hemodynamics of portal vein will evolve with liver regeneration remains unknown. This prompts the present hemodynamic simulation for a 25 year-old man who received a right don ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 041002 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimal Initiation Planning For Needle Insertion Into the Liver
R. Sharifi Sedeh, M. T. Ahmadian, and F. Janabi-Sharifi
Needle insertion simulation and planning systems (SPSs) will play an important role in diminishing inappropriate insertions into soft tissues and resultant complications. Difficulties in SPS development are due in large part to the computational requirements of the extensive calculations in finite e ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 041001 (2010)] published Mon Mar 8, 2010.
Development of analytically capable time-of-flight mass spectrometer with continuous ion introduction
Gyorgy Hars and Gabor Dobos
The present article describes the results and findings explored in the course of the development of the analytically capable prototype of continuous time-of-flight (CTOF) mass spectrometer. Currently marketed pulsed TOF (PTOF) instruments use ion introduction with a 10 ns or so pulse width, followed ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033101 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Note: Studies on target placement in TE cylindrical cavity of electron cyclotron resonance x-ray source for the enhancement of x-ray dose
T. S. Selvakumaran, R. Baskaran, A. K. Singh, and V. L. S. Rao Sista
X-ray source based on electron cyclotron resonance principle has been constructed using TE cylindrical cavity. At present the device is used to provide low energy x-ray field for thermoluminescent dosimeter badge calibration. Theoretical and experimental studies on the effect of target placement ins ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 036104 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Forced Response of Mistuned Bladed Disks in Gas Flow: A Comparative Study of Predictions and Full-Scale Experimental Results
Evgeny Petrov, Luca Di Mare, Holger Hennings, and Robert Elliott
An integrated experimental-numerical study of forced response for a mistuned bladed disk has been performed. A full chain for the predictive forced response analysis has been developed including data exchange between the computational fluid dynamics code and a code for the prediction of the nonlinea ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052504 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
In-Cylinder Flow Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Four-Valve Spark Ignition Engine: Comparison Between Steady and Dynamic Tests
Damian E. Ramajo and Norberto M. Nigro
Numerical and experimental techniques were applied in order to study the in-cylinder flow field in a commercial four-valve per cylinder spark ignition engine. Investigation was aimed at analyzing the generation and evolution of tumble-vortex structures during the intake and compression strokes, and ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052804 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Assessment of Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms With Different Niching Strategies and Regression Methods for Engine Optimization and Design
Yu Shi and Rolf D. Reitz
In a previous study (Shi, Y., and Reitz, R. D., 2008, Assessment of Optimization Methodologies to Study the Effects of Bowl Geometry, Spray Targeting and Swirl Ratio for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Operated at High-Load, SAE Paper No. 2008-01-0949), nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052801 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
A Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow and Cavitation Within Minisac and Valve-Covered Orifice Diesel Injector Nozzles
Won Geun Lee and Rolf D. Reitz
Cavitating flow within diesel injector passages has been investigated numerically using the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM), which uses the barotropic assumption and the variable speed of sound of the mixture. To apply the HEM, the KIVA-3V code was modified to implement a generalized equation of ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052802 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Experimental Analysis of the Combustion Behavior of a Gas Turbine Burner by Laser Measurement Techniques
Holger Ax, Ulrich Stopper, Wolfgang Meier, Manfred Aigner, and Felix Guthe
Experimental results from optical and laser spectroscopic measurements on a scaled industrial gas turbine burner at elevated pressure are presented. Planar laser induced fluorescence on the OH radical and OH chemiluminescence imaging were applied to natural gas/air flames for a qualitative analysis ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 051503 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Eddy Current Damping: A Concept Study for Steam Turbine Blading
Jacob Laborenz, Christian Siewert, Lars Panning, Jorg Wallaschek, Christoph Gerber et al.
In gas and steam turbine applications a common approach to prevent the blades from high cycle fatigue failures due to high vibration amplitudes is the usage of friction damping elements. Besides the intended amplitude reduction this procedure also features some possibly unwanted side effects like a ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052505 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
A Study on an Automatically Variable Intake Exhaust Injection Timing Turbocharging System for Diesel Engines
Shiyou Yang, Kangyao Deng, Yi Cui, and Hongzhong Gu
A new turbocharging system, named automatically variable intake exhaust injection timing (AVIEIT), is proposed. Its main purpose is to improve the performance of low-speed high torque operating conditions and improve the economy of high-speed operating conditions for high-speed supercharged intercoo ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 052803 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Improvement in wear characteristics of the AISI M2 by laser cladding and melting
Wayan Darmawan, Jean Quesada, Frederique Rossi, Remy Marchal, Frederique Machi et al.
The interest of high speed steel (HSS) for wood cutting tools remains very important because of their good tool edge accuracy and easy grinding. The main problem is their low resistance to both mechanical and chemical wearing. Resistance of HSS cutting tools to wearing is a primary concern in the ap ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 176 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Femtosecond laser micromachining and application of hot embossing molds for microfluid device fabrication
Hae Woon Choi, Seon Bong, Dave F. Farson, Chunmeng Lu, and L. James Lee
Femtosecond laser micromachining was used to create microfluid channel patterns on AISI 304L stainless steel to fabricate hot embossing mold patterns. To characterize the machining process, measurements of single pulse ablation spots with pulse energies from 13 to 500 nJ were used to determine ablat ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 196 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
How the laser started
Charles Townes
Abstract not available. [J. Laser Appl. 21, 205 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Numerical model of a laser-sustained argon plasma
R. Akarapu, A. R. Nassar, S. M. Copley, and J. A. Todd
A steady state axi-symmetric model was developed to predict the size, shape and temperature of a laser-sustained plasma in flowing argon. The power of the carbon dioxide (CO) laser and the free stream gas velocity were inputs to the model. An algorithm, which is an alternative to the ray tracing met ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 169 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Seam-tracking for high precision laser welding applicationsMethods, restrictions and enhanced concepts
Boris Regaard, Stefan Kaierle, and Reinhart Poprawe
Laser beam welding bears evident advantages regarding precision, quality, productivity, low heat input, and feasibility of automation. At the same time the process calls for high precision of the beam positioning on the workpiece, which therefore imposes high requirements of welding trajectory and f ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 183 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Contributions of Charles Townes' research to nonlinear optics
Elsa Garmire
Nonlinear optics was profoundly influenced by early work of Charles Townes and his group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1961 to 1967. His foundational contribution was the realization that coherent molecular oscillations resulted from stimulated Raman scattering, leading to the introd ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 208 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Use of dispersive Raman spectroscopy to detect the cytotoxic action of viscum album in adenocarcinoma of colon
Daniela Franco Lopes, Landulfo Silveira, Jr., Marcelo Nobuo Sibata, Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho, Cristina Pacheco-Soares et al.
In the past decades it was noticed that there was a gradual increase in neoplasia diagnostics in animals, which are attributed to the longevity achieved by efficient vaccines, antibiotics, diagnostics, and food quality. The aliphatic oncology uses chemotherapics that are citostatic association, cito ... [J. Laser Appl. 21, 163 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Surface-potential decay of biased-probe contact-charged amorphous polymer films
Nikolaus Knorr, Silvia Rosselli, and Gabriele Nelles
We have investigated the decay of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and electric force microscopy (EFM) signals from biased-probe contact-charged films of three different amorphous polymers representing wide-ranging water absorption capabilities. The surface-potential decay (SPD) has bee ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054106 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Semiconductor-metal transition characteristics of VO thin films grown on c- and r-sapphire substrates
Tsung-Han Yang, Ravi Aggarwal, Alok Gupta, Honghui Zhou, Roger J. Narayan et al.
We have made a comparative study of epitaxial growth of VO thin films on c-cut (0001) and r-cut (1[overline 1]02) sapphire substrates, and the semiconductor to metal transition (SMT) characteristics of these films have been correlated with their structural details. On c-sapphire, VO grows epitaxiall ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053514 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Laser soft marking on silicon wafer
L. E. Khoong, Y. C. Lam, H. Y. Zheng, and X. Chen
A laser soft marking technique is developed for laser markings on a silicon wafer. Due to negligible surface modification, the laser soft wafer markings are invisible by naked eyes under room condition and are undetectable using sophisticated instruments. However, these laser markings are found to b ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053107 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Gas temperature and electron density profiles in an argon dc microdischarge measured by optical emission spectroscopy
Sergey G. Belostotskiy, Tola Ouk, Vincent M. Donnelly, Demetre J. Economou, and Nader Sadeghi
Optical emisssion spectroscopy was employed to study a high pressure (100 s of Torr), slot-type (600 [mu]m interelectrode gap), argon dc microdischarge, with added traces of nitrogen. Spatially resolved gas temperature profiles were obtained by analyzing rovibrational bands of the N first positive ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053305 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Electronic and optical properties of CuZnSnS and CuZnSnSe
Clas Persson
The electronic structure as well as the optical response of kesterite and stannite structures of CuZnSnS and CuZnSnSe are analyzed by a relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The energy dispersion of the conduction-band edge reveals larger effective electron mass of the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053710 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Localized heating induced chemical vapor deposition for one-dimensional nanostructure synthesis
Brian D. Sosnowchik, Liwei Lin, and Ongi Englander
Localized heating has emerged as a viable technique for the site specific synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. By localizing the heat source, the extent of chemical vapor deposition synthesis reactions can be confined to well-defined, microscale regions. Resistive heating has been exten ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 051101 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Electronic structure of SnGe alloys for small Sn compositions: Unusual structural and electronic properties
Y. Chibane and M. Ferhat
The full potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital method using the local density approximation within the framework of density functional theory is applied to investigate structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of SnGe alloys for small Sn compositions (x=0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053512 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Relaxor behavior of (Ba,Bi)(Ti,Al)O ferroelectric ceramic
Lei Cui, Yu-Dong Hou, Sai Wang, Chao Wang, and Man-Kang Zhu
Perovskite type (BaBi)(TiAl)O (BBTA) ceramics have been prepared through solid state reaction route. The room temperature x-ray diffraction study suggests that BBTA ceramics have single phase tetragonal symmetry with space group P4mm. In contrast to the sharp dielectric transition of pure BaTiO, a b ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054105 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Influence of the surface potential on electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different Al-content: Effect of growth method
K. Kohler, S. Muller, R. Aidam, P. Waltereit, W. Pletschen et al.
The influence of the growth method on the surface potential and thus on the sheet carrier concentration of GaN capped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures was evaluated. Nominally undoped low pressure metal-organic vapor-phase (MOVPE) and plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxial (PA-MBE) grown structures with ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053711 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
A noncharge-sheet channel potential and drain current model for dynamic-depletion silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
Jian Zhang, Lining Zhang, Jin He, and Mansun Chan
This paper presents a noncharge-sheet channel potential and drain current model for long-channel dynamic-depletion (DD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Based on the PoissonBoltzmann equation, an analytical solution of the channel potentials in ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054507 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Excitation rate dependence of Auger recombination in silicon
Patrick E. Hopkins, Edward V. Barnat, Jose L. Cruz-Campa, Robert K. Grubbs, Murat Okandan et al.
This work reports on measurements of the Auger recombination coefficients in silicon wafers with pump-probe thermoreflectance techniques operating at two different excitation rates: 250 kHz (low repetition rate) and 80 MHz (high repetition rate). The different excitation frequencies give rise to dif ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053713 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Defect annealing in neutron and ion damaged silicon: Influence of defect clusters and doping
R. M. Fleming, C. H. Seager, E. Bielejec, G. Vizkelethy, D. V. Lang et al.
We have explored defect annealing in radiation damaged silicon in a regime characterized by defect clusters and higher doping. Several types of pnp and npn Si bipolar transistors have been irradiated with ions and neutrons, then isochronally annealed from 300 to 600 K to study the evolution of deep ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053712 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Second-harmonic generation in one-dimensional metal gratings with dual extraordinary transmissions
Ming Kang, Yongnan Li, Kai Lou, Si-Min Li, Qiang Bai et al.
We investigate the enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) in nonlinear metal gratings with simultaneously extraordinary optical transmissions (EOTs) for the fundamental and the second-harmonic wavelengths, i.e., dual EOTs. We show that the strongly temporal and spatial dispersions at Wood's anoma ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053108 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Optical properties of single-crystalline chalcopyrite semiconductor AgInSe
Keisuke Koitabashi, Shunji Ozaki, and Sadao Adachi
The optical properties of single-crystalline AgInSe have been studied by optical absorption, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. Optical absorption measurements suggest that AgInSe is a direct-gap semiconductor having an optical band gap of E~1.2 eV at T=15300 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053516 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Nonlinear optical phase shift obtained from two-level atoms confined in a planar microcavity
Hisaki Oka, Hideki Fujiwara, Shigeki Takeuchi, and Keiji Sasaki
We investigate the nonlinear optical phase shift obtained from a thin atomic layer confined in a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) microcavity with reflection geometry. The optical response of the atom-cavity system is numerically analyzed using finite-difference time-domain method with the optical ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054310 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Lattice template effect on epitaxial gamma-FeO films prepared by metal organic deposition
Takashi Manago, Tomoyuki Sonobe, Iwao Yamaguchi, and Fumiyoshi Takano
The preparation of gamma-FeO epitaxial films by metal organic deposition and the magnetic properties of the resultant films were studied using two different substrates; MgO and Si. The film deposited on a Si substrate had a polycrystalline corundum structure and did not exhibit magnetic properties, ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053908 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Effects of minor addition on glass forming ability: Thermal versus elastic criteria
H. T. Zong, M. Z. Ma, Li-Min Wang, S. X. Liang, and R. P. Liu
The effect of partial substitution of Zr by Al in ZrTiCuBeAl (x<=10) alloys on the glass forming ability (GFA) is studied. The thermal and the elastic criteria in evaluating the GFA of the alloys are examined. The calorimetric quantities are measured to determine the width of the supercooled liquid ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053515 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Modified formulation of a rate-dependent damage model for ductile materials
Q. H. Zuo
A modification to the rate-dependent damage and failure model developed by Addessio and Johnson [J. Appl. Phys. 74, 1640 (1993)] for ductile materials under high-rate loading is presented. In the current formulation the equilibrium stress, which is used to calculate the plastic strain rate and damag ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053513 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Impedance and initial magnetic permeability of gadolinium
G. L. F. Fraga, P. Pureur, and L. P. Cardoso
In the present work we report on measurements of the complex impedance and the magnetoimpedance of a textured sample of gadolinium metal. The preferential c -axis orientation of the Gd hexagonal structure is perpendicular to the long axis of the sample. From the experimental data, the complex initia ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053909 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Multi-Order Stress Intensity Factors Along Three-Dimensional Interface Corners
Tai-Liang Kuo and Chyanbin Hwu
Usually in the study of singularity problems, only the most critical singular order is considered. For three-dimensional interface corner problems, if only the most critical singular order of stresses is considered, it is possible to lose the opportunity to compute the full modes of stress intensity ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031020 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Polar Orthotropic Inhomogeneous Circular Plates: Vibration Tailoring
Demetris Pentaras and Isaac Elishakoff
Problem of matching a desired fundamental natural frequency is solved in the closed form for the polar-orthotropic inhomogeneous circular plate, which is clamped along its circumference. The vibration tailoring is performed by posing a semi-inverse eigenvalue problem. To do this, the fundamental mod ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031019 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Giant conductance anisotropy in magnetically coupled Ferromagnet-Superconductor-Ferromagnet structures
A. Belkin, V. Novosad, M. Iavarone, R. Divan, J. Hiller et al.
We demonstrate the evolution of the anisotropic conductivity in the superconductor that is magnetically coupled with two adjacent ferromagnetic layers. Stripe magnetic domain structure in the ferromagnetic layers results in directional superconducting order parameter in the superconducting layer. Th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092513 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Luminescence-induced photorefractive spatial solitons
E. Fazio, M. Alonzo, F. Devaux, A. Toncelli, N. Argiolas et al.
We report the observation of spatial confinement of a pump beam into a photorefractive solitonic channel induced by luminescence [luminescence induced spatial soliton (LISS)]. Trapped beams have been obtained in erbium doped lithium niobate crystals at concentrations as high as 0.7 mol % of erbium. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 091107 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Junction properties of Au/ZnO single nanowire Schottky diode
Sachindra Nath Das, Ji-Huck Choi, Jyoti Prakash Kar, Kyeong-Ju Moon, Tae Il Lee et al.
In this study, we have analyzed the Au/ZnO single nanowire based Schottky diode by investigating temperature dependent current voltage and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The calculated barrier height of the Schottky diodes by using the thermionic emission model is in good agree ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092111 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
As doping of Si-based low-dimensional systems
F. Ruffino, M. V. Tomasello, M. Miritello, G. Nicotra, C. Spinella et al.
In this work we studied the As redistribution in SiO(70 nm)/Si(30 nm)/SiO(70 nm) multilayer during postimplantation annealing. By Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and Z-contrast transmission electron microscopy we found an As accumulation at the Si/SiO interfaces and at the Si grain boundar ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 093116 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Current fluctuations in three-dimensionally stacked Si nanocrystals thin films
Xin Zhou, Ken Uchida, and Shunri Oda
In this letter, we report a phenomenon of the current fluctuations by measuring lateral conduction of the three-dimensionally stacked Si nanocrystal (SiNC) thin films based on thin film transistor structures. Through measuring current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, drain-source current (I) exhibits ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092112 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Ultrathin Cu-Ti bilayer transparent conductors with enhanced figure-of-merit and stability
D. S. Ghosh, T. L. Chen, and V. Pruneri
We propose a transparent conductor (TC) structure based on the combination of ultrathin Cu and Ti films. The conductive Cu layer becomes continuous, i.e., it reaches the percolation threshold, for thicknesses in the range of 5.56.5 nm. However, without any adequate countermeasure, such an ultrathin ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 091106 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Capacitive-type counter of nanoparticles in air
I. Iskra, A. Detela, M. Virsek, V. NemaniC, D. Krizaj et al.
A capacitive-type counter of nanoparticles in air, based on measurement of the capacitance of a capacitor with a variable dielectric part, has been developed. The method is suitable for detection of aerosols in a wide concentration range, regardless of shape or chemical composition. The method is de ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 093504 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Charge trapping properties of the HfO layer with various thicknesses for charge trap flash memory applications
Hee-Wook You and Won-Ju Cho
MHOS (metal-HfOSiOSi) structure capacitors were fabricated to investigate the charge trapping properties of HfO layer with various thicknesses for the applications of charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices. Also, the centroid of charge trap in HfO layer was extracted by constant current stress metho ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 093506 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Light-Induced-Degradation effects in boronphosphorus compensated n-type Czochralski silicon
T. Schutz-Kuchly, J. Veirman, S. Dubois, and D. R. Heslinga
This letter focuses on the evolution under illumination of the carrier lifetime in n-type boronphosphorus compensated Czochralski silicon. Our results show a Light-Induced-Degradation (LID) of the carrier lifetime which we prove to be related to additional boron. The activation energy of the annihil ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 093505 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Technique to improve performance of AlO interpoly dielectric using a LaO interface scavenging layer for floating gate memory structures
Srikant Jayanti, Xiangyu Yang, Daniel J. Lichtenwalner, and Veena Misra
A technique of scavenging the SiO interfacial layer (IL) to improve the electrical performance of AlO as the interpoly dielectric for flash memories has been studied. Scavenging was performed by the reaction of a thin LaO layer with the native oxide to form a high-kappa lanthanum silicate. Significa ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092905 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Real-time x-ray response of biocompatible solution gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor devices
Markus Hofstetter, John Howgate, Ian D. Sharp, Maren Funk, Martin Stutzmann et al.
We present the real-time x-ray irradiation response of charge and pH sensitive solution gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. The devices show stable and reproducible behavior under and following x-ray radiation, including a linear integrated response with dose into the [mu]Gy range. Ti ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092110 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Kinetics of catalyst size dependent carbon nanotube growth by growth interruption studies
S. P. Patole, Hyeongkeun Kim, Jaeboong Choi, Youngjin Kim, Seunghyun Baik et al.
The dependence of the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the size of the Fe-catalyst in the H assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition was studied. A growth interruption method was used to determine the in situ growth rate. The formation of a compact scale contaminant layer ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 094101 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Origin of anomalous hysteresis loops induced by femtosecond laser pulses in GdFeCo amorphous films
Chudong Xu, Zhifeng Chen, Daxin Chen, Shiming Zhou, and Tianshu Lai
A controllable pump-pulse-number magneto-optical Kerr technique combined with an initializing field scanning approach is developed to eliminate and identify memory and accumulation effects, respectively, from external field history and multiple pulse excitations. A series of anomalous loops of GdFeC ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092514 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Carrier transport in strained p-channel field-effect transistors with diamondlike carbon liner stressor
Ran Cheng, Bin Liu, and Yee-Chia Yeo
We report the investigation of carrier backscattering characteristics of compressively strained p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) with diamondlike carbon (DLC) liner stressor. p-FETs strained by the DLC liner exhibit up to ~40% enhancement in carrier injection velocity upsilon. However, a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092113 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Characterization of worn TiSi cathodes used for reactive cathodic arc evaporation
J. Q. Zhu, A. Eriksson, N. Ghafoor, M. P. Johansson, J. Sjolen et al.
The microstructural evolution of TiSi cathode surfaces (x=0,0.1,0.2) used in reactive cathodic arc evaporation has been investigated by analytical electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. The results show that the reactive arc operated in N atmosphere induces a 212 [mu]m thick N-containing con ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 347 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Model for aspect ratio dependent etch modulated processing
Peter J. Gilgunn, J. Fernando Alfaro, and Gary K. Fedder
A time-multiplexed, anisotropic, inductively coupled plasma Si deep reactive ion etch process is characterized in terms of the Si macroload, cross-wafer spatial variation, local pattern density, and feature size. The process regime is established as neutral flux limited, in which material transport ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 334 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Unusual event detection and prediction based on sectional contextual edit distance
Yi Zhang, Jie Yang, and Kun Liu
We redefine the unusual event detection problem from a different point of view. Several fundamental event features are investigated and adopted. These features are redescribed in a uniform model. Thus, using this model, supervised/unsupervised unusual event detection algorithms can be designed to fi ... [J. Electron. Imaging 19, 013009 (2010)] published Fri Mar 5, 2010.
Atomic force microscopy with a 12-electrode piezoelectric tube scanner
Yuen K. Yong, Bilal Ahmed, and S. O. Reza Moheimani
This paper presents a piezoelectric tube scanner with a novel electrode pattern and describes how it may be used for simultaneous sensing and actuation. The electrodes are arranged such that the tube is driven in an antisymmetrical manner, resulting in a collocated system suitable for positive posit ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033701 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Short piston-cylinder pressure cells based on NiCrAl cylinders and their application to fragile materials
Hiromi Taniguchi, Sunao Takeda, Ryosuke Satoh, Arisa Taniguchi, Hiroaki Komatsu et al.
In this decade, the performance of piston-cylinder pressure cells has been drastically improved by using robust materials such as nickel-chromium-aluminum and cobalt-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys to construct the inner cylinders. In this article, we present several experimental techniques for ca ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033903 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Note: Influence of rinsing and drying routines on growth of multilayer thin films using automated deposition system
Daniel Gamboa, Morgan A. Priolo, Aaron Ham, and Jaime C. Grunlan
A versatile, high speed robot for layer-by-layer deposition of multifunctional thin films, which integrates concepts from previous dipping systems, has been designed with dramatic improvements in software, positioning, rinsing, drying, and waste removal. This system exploits the electrostatic intera ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 036103 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Effect of ion bombardment on the field emission property of tetrapod ZnO
Yunkang Cui, Xiaobing Zhang, Wei Lei, Yunsong Di, Jinchan Wang et al.
The influences of ion bombardment on the field emission performance of tetrapod ZnO nanostructures are reported. As the scanning electron microscopy images and photoluminescence spectrum show, the tips of the field emitters are destroyed and the surface state of the field emitters is also changed af ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054506 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Microscopic origin of slow dynamics at the good glass forming composition range in ZrCu metallic liquids
S. G. Hao, C. Z. Wang, M. J. Kramer, and K. M. Ho
We have studied the structure and dynamics of a series of ZrCu metallic liquids at temperatures of 1500 and 1300 K. We found that as the Cu composition increases, the ZrZr order undergoes considerable transition, which can be attributed to the different size of Zr and Cu atoms. The diffusivities of ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053511 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic electrical power generator using convexly divergent channel
Tomoyuki Murakami and Yoshihiro Okuno
We describe a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical power generator equipped with a convexly divergent channel, as determined through shock-tunnel-based experiments. The slight enhancement in a MHD channel divergence upstream provides boundary layer relief in a MHD flow decelerated by a retarding Lor ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053304 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Heavily Ga-doped germanium layers produced by ion implantation and flash lamp annealing: Structure and electrical activation
V. Heera, A. Mucklich, M. Posselt, M. Voelskow, C. Wundisch et al.
Heavily p-type doped Ge layers were fabricated by 100 keV Ga implantation and subsequent flash lamp annealing for 3 ms in the temperature range between 700 and 900 degrees C. For comparison, some samples were annealed in a rapid thermal processor for 60 s. Ga fluences of 2 x 10, 6 x 10, and 2 x 10 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053508 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Present status of theoretical modeling the magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric nanostructures. Part I: Low frequency and electromechanical resonance ranges
M. I. Bichurin, V. M. Petrov, S. V. Averkin, and E. Liverts
Mechanical deformations of a magnetostrictive-piezoelectric bilayer result in the interaction between the magnetic and electric subsystems. This review reports the models for describing the distinctive features of magnetoelectric (ME) interactions in ferrite-piezoelectric nanostructures at low-frequ ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053904 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Latent complexes of interstitial boron and oxygen dimers as a reason for degradation of silicon-based solar cells
V. V. Voronkov and R. Falster
Reduction in electron lifetime induced by excess electrons is a key effect in degradation of solar cells based on boron-doped and oxygen-containing silicon. Although boron related, degradation is controlled by the concentration of holes and not by the boron concentration. This recent finding is the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053509 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Thermal annealing of arsenic tri-sulphide thin film and its influence on device performance
Duk-Yong Choi, Steve Madden, Douglas Bulla, Rongping Wang, Andrei Rode et al.
Arsenic tri-sulphide (AsS) thin film waveguides have been used successfully as nonlinear optical devices for all-optical signal processors. For such devices, low propagation loss is vital if high performance is to be obtained. In this study, thermal annealing was employed not only to stabilize the p ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053106 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Modeling metallic nanoparticle synthesis in a magnetron-based nanocluster source by gas condensation of a sputtered vapor
E Quesnel, E Pauliac-Vaujour, and V Muffato
Copper nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by inert-gas condensation of a sputtered metallic vapor using a dedicated commercial reactor. By controlling the time of residence of NPs in the carrier gas phase via the tuning of the collision path length, Cu NPs were produced. They exhibit various and w ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054309 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Present status of theoretical modeling the magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric nanostructures. Part II: Magnetic and magnetoacoustic resonance ranges
M. I. Bichurin, V. M. Petrov, S. V. Averkin, and E. Liverts
We presented here the theoretical analysis of high frequency magnetoelectric (ME) effects for a ferrite-piezoelectric bilayer and a detailed treatment for electric field induced resonance field shift for ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in layered structures. ME effects in a single-crystal ferrite-piez ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053905 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of monodispersed MnZnFeO nanomagnetic particles
Kinnari Parekh and R. V. Upadhyay
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of oleic acid/oleyamine coated MnZn ferrite nanoparticles of diameter 82 A are reported. The zero-field-cooled peak temperature decreases with increasing magnetic field and obeys the well known de AlmeidaThouless line. The zero-field-cooled magnetization data a ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053907 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Influence of BaZrO dopant concentration on properties of YBaCuO films in magnetic fields up to 30 T
H. Huhtinen, M. Irjala, P. Paturi, M. A. Shakhov, and R. Laiho
The effect of BaZrO (BZO) dopant concentration on superconducting properties in YBaCuO thin films is investigated in a wide magnetic field range up to 30 T. Based on the magnetization and resistivity measurements, the optimal BZO concentration for flux pinning is found to be 4% up to 20 T and increa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053906 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.
Influence of BaZrO dopant concentration on properties of YBaCuO films in magnetic fields up to 30 T
H. Huhtinen, M. Irjala, P. Paturi, M. A. Shakhov, and R. Laiho
The effect of BaZrO (BZO) dopant concentration on superconducting properties in YBaCuO thin films is investigated in a wide magnetic field range up to 30 T. Based on the magnetization and resistivity measurements, the optimal BZO concentration for flux pinning is found to be 4% up to 20 T and increa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053906 (2010)] published Thu Mar 4, 2010.