Electrode artifacts in low resistance organic spin valves
Alberto Riminucci, Mirko Prezioso, Patrizio Graziosi, and Carol Newby
Artifacts can originate from the inherent shortcomings of the cross bar configuration, when the resistance of the device is small compared to that of one of the electrodes. This is particularly relevant to the field of organic spintronics, in which at least one recent work overlooked this effect. We ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112505 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Effect of surface bonding on semiconductor nanoribbon wiggling structure
Yu Zhang, Minrui Yu, Donald E. Savage, Max G. Lagally, Robert H. Blick et al.
SiGe nanomembranes and nanowires provide one important class of stretchable electronic materials. We have investigated a very interesting wiggling phenomenon of SiGe nanoribbons bonded to Si substrate as experimentally observed in a Hall-bar structure. Based on continuum linear stability analysis, w ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111904 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Electrical observation of a tunable band gap in bilayer graphene nanoribbons at room temperature
B. N. Szafranek, D. Schall, M. Otto, D. Neumaier, and H. Kurz
We investigate the transport properties of double-gated bilayer graphene nanoribbons at room temperature. The devices were fabricated using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible processes. By analyzing the dependence of the resistance at the charge neutrality point as a function ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112103 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Dielectric properties of colloidal GdO nanocrystal films fabricated via electrophoretic deposition
S. V. Mahajan and J. H. Dickerson
We investigated the dielectric characteristics of [Al/GdO/Si] metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, which were fabricated from films of gadolinium oxide (GdO) nanocrystals used as the gate oxide layer. Electrophoretic deposition cast GdO nanocrystal films of different thicknesses by varying th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113105 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Irreversibility of field-induced magnetostructural transition in NiCoMnSb shape memory alloy revealed by magnetization, transport and heat capacity studies
Ajaya K. Nayak, K. G. Suresh, and A. K. Nigam
The effects of magnetic field on the martensitic transition have been studied in NiCoMnSb. We find a large field-induced irreversibility in this system, as revealed by the field dependence of resistivity, magnetization, and heat capacity data. At the critical temperature, the field-induced conversio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112503 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Tunable one-way cross-waveguide splitter based on gyromagnetic photonic crystal
Cheng He, Xiao-Lin Chen, Ming-Hui Lu, Xue-Feng Li, Wei-Wei Wan et al.
We report our design of a tunable one-way cross-waveguide splitter, resulting from the broken time-reversal symmetry, based on the edge modes of gyromagnetic photonic crystal. Mode control is accomplished by altering the radius or refractive index of a single central electro-optical rod. The on-off ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111111 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
A study of disorder effects in random (AlGaAs)(AlGaAs) superlattices embedded in a wide parabolic potential
Yu. A. Pusep, P. K. Mohseni, R. R. LaPierre, A. K. Bakarov, and A. I. Toropov
A photoluminescence (PL) study of the individual electron states localized in a random potential is performed in artificially disordered superlattices embedded in a wide parabolic well. The valence band bowing of the parabolic potential provides a variation of the emission energies which splits the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113106 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Label-free imaging of heme proteins with two-photon excited photothermal lens microscopy
Sijia Lu, Wei Min, Shasha Chong, Gary R. Holtom, and X. Sunney Xie
Heme proteins, such as hemoglobins and cytochromes, play important roles in various biological processes. Here we employ the two-photon excited photothermal effect as a contrast mechanism to map heme proteins distribution. Particularly, both a thermal lens scheme and a high-frequency modulation are ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113701 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Physics of base charge dynamics in the three port transistor laser
H. W. Then, M. Feng, and N. Holonyak, Jr.
The base charge dynamics of the quantum-well (QW) transistor laser (TL) is analyzed by constructing a model based on earlier incomplete charge control analysis. We extend Kirchhoff's Law to include electrical and consistently optical elements. The model yields, via microwave measurements (and resolv ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113509 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Tunneling spectroscopy of electron subbands in thin silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
J. Noborisaka, K. Nishiguchi, H. Kageshima, Y. Ono, and A. Fujiwara
We report the tunneling spectroscopy of thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with tunneling gate oxide. When electrons are injected into a thin SOI well, the gate-tunneling current shows kink structures originating from quantized energy levels in the SOI ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112102 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Anisotropy of domain growth in epitaxial ferroelectric capacitors
D. Wu, I. Vrejoiu, M. Alexe, and A. Gruverman
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has been applied to investigate the switching kinetics in microscale epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O capacitors. It is shown that transition from low to high field range brings about a qualitative change in domain growth kinetics, namely, laterally isotropic growth in the h ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112903 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Spectral tagging by integrated photonic crystal resonators for highly sensitive and parallel detection in biochips
Luigi Martiradonna, Ferruccio Pisanello, Tiziana Stomeo, Antonio Qualtieri, Giuseppe Vecchio et al.
We propose a technological approach aimed at improving biochips performances, based on an efficient spectral modeling and enhancement of markers fluorescence through the insertion of photonic crystal nanocavities (PhC-NCs) in the readout area of biochips. This strategy univocally associates a specif ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113702 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Effects of postgate dielectric treatment on germanium-based metal-oxide-semiconductor device by supercritical fluid technology
Po-Tsun Liu, Chen-Shuo Huang, Yi-Ling Huang, Jing-Ru Lin, Szu-Lin Cheng et al.
Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology is employed at low temperature as a postgate dielectric treatment to improve gate SiO/germanium (Ge) interface in a Ge-based metal-oxide-semiconductor (Ge-MOS) device. The SCF can transport the oxidant and penetrate the gate oxide layer for the oxidation of SiO/G ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112902 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Superparamagnetic and superspin glass behaviors in the martensitic state of NiCoMnSn magnetic shape memory alloy
D. Y. Cong, S. Roth, J. Liu, Q. Luo, M. Potschke et al.
The magnetic state of the low-temperature martensite in a NiCoMnSn magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) is disclosed. At temperatures (T) above a critical temperature T, the magnetization versus field [M(H)] curves display a sigmoid shape, show no magnetic hysteresis, and can be well fitted according ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112504 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Photochromism and visible light induced H generation in SrTiO:Cr complexes
Z. G. Yi, H. Iwai, and J. H. Ye
SrTiO:Cr complexes are found to possess photochromism. After the photochromism, the catalytic performance of the complexes for H generation increases markedly. In fact, it was found that the performance increased more than 20 times compared to the original SrTiO: 10 mol % Cr complex. These results s ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 114103 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Continuous-wave backward frequency doubling in periodically poled lithium niobate
S. Stivala, A. C. Busacca, L. Curcio, R. L. Oliveri, S. Riva-Sanseverino et al.
We report on backward second-harmonic-generation in bulk periodically poled congruent lithium niobate with a 3.2 [mu]m period. A tunable continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser allowed us exciting two resonant quasi-phase-matching orders in the backward configuration. The resonances were also resolved by ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111110 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Synchronized optical and electrical characterization of discotic liquid crystals thin films
Annalisa Calo, Pablo Stoliar, Massimiliano Cavallini, Yves H. Geerts, and Fabio Biscarini
We describe a setup suitable for simultaneously measuring optical and electrical properties of a liquid crystal mesophase upon temperature variation, and the difference in the order parameters between the bulk and the interface with the substrate. It integrates high-resolution polarized light optica ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033907 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Capacitive measurement of mercury column heights in capillaries
Sarah Frey and Ranko Richert
The detection of changes in volume, e.g., in expansivity or aging measurements, are often translated into mercury column height within a glass capillary. We propose a capacitive technique for measuring the meniscus position using a cylindrical capacitor with mercury as the inner electrode, the capil ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 034702 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Note: Low density and long plasma channels generated by laser transversely ignited ablative capillary discharges
Mingwei Liu, Aihua Deng, Jiansheng Liu, Ruxin Li, Jiancai Xu et al.
A technique is developed to reduce the jitter associated with ablative capillary discharges. A laser pulse propagating perpendicularly to the axis of the capillary and focused onto a copper wire creates a plasma that initiates the discharge. This transverse laser ignition method has several advantag ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 036107 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Simultaneously measured signals in scanning probe microscopy with a needle sensor: Frequency shift and tunneling current
Ireneusz Morawski and Bert Voigtlander
We present combined noncontact scanning force microscopy and tunneling current images of a platinum(111) surface obtained by means of a 1 MHz quartz needle sensor. The low-frequency circuit of the tunneling current was combined with a high-frequency signal of the quartz resonator enabling full elect ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033703 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
High density flux of Co nanoparticles produced by a simple gas aggregation apparatus
G. T. Landi, S. A. Romero, and A. D. Santos
Gas aggregation is a well known method used to produce clusters of different materials with good size control, reduced dispersion, and precise stoichiometry. The cost of these systems is relatively high and they are generally dedicated apparatuses. Furthermore, the usual sample production speed of t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033908 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Absolute spectral radiance responsivity calibration of sun photometers
Qiuyun Xu, Xiaobing Zheng, Zhengqiang Li, Wei Zhang, Xianhua Wang et al.
Sun photometers are designed to measure direct solar irradiance and diffused sky radiance for the purpose of atmospheric parameters characterization. A sun photometer is usually calibrated by using a lamp-illuminated integrating sphere source for its band-averaged radiance responsivity, which normal ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033103 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Energy Harvesting From Vibrations With a Nonlinear Oscillator
David A. W. Barton, Stephen G. Burrow, and Lindsay R. Clare
In this paper, we present a nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvesting device that has a broadly resonant response. The nonlinearity is generated by a particular arrangement of magnets in conjunction with an iron-cored stator. We show the resonant response of the system to both pure-tone excitation ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021009 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Advanced Signal Processing Tools for the Vibratory Surveillance of Assembly Faults in Diesel Engine Cold Tests
Simone Delvecchio, Gianluca D'Elia, Emiliano Mucchi, and Giorgio Dalpiaz
This paper addresses the use of several signal processing tools for monitoring and diagnosis of assembly faults in diesel engines through the cold test technology. One specific fault is considered here as an example: connecting rod with incorrectly tightened screws. First, the experimental apparatus ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021008 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
A Note on the Use of Approximate Solutions for the Bending Vibrations of Simply Supported Cracked Beams
L. Rubio and J. Fernandez-Saez
The main goal of this note is to discuss the applicability of approximate closed-form solutions to evaluate the natural frequencies for bending vibrations of simply supported EulerBernoulli cracked beams. From the well-known model, which considers the cracked beam as two beams connected by a rotatio ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 024504 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Positioning of Deadeners for Vibration Reduction in Vehicle Roof Using Embedded Sensitivity
Danilo Bruneli Reis and Rodrigo Nicoletti
The noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of passenger vehicles strongly depends on the fluid-structure interaction between the air in the vehicle cavity and the sheet metal structure of the vehicle. Most of the noise and vibration problems related to this interaction come from resonance ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021007 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
In Vitro Investigation of the Impact of Aortic Valve Stenosis Severity on Left Coronary Artery Flow
E. Gaillard, D. Garcia, L. Kadem, P. Pibarot, and L.-G. Durand
Patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) may experience angina pectoris even if they have angiographically normal coronary arteries. Angina is associated with a marked increase in the risk of sudden death in AS patients. Only a few in vitro models describing the interaction between the left ventricu ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 044502 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Mechanical Stimulation Mediates Gene Expression in MC3T3 Osteoblastic Cells Differently in 2D and 3D Environments
Matthew J. Barron, Chung-Jui Tsai, and Seth W. Donahue
Successful bone tissue engineering requires the understanding of cellular activity in three-dimensional (3D) architectures and how it compares to two-dimensional (2D) architecture. We developed a perfusion culture system that utilizes fluid flow to mechanically load a cell-seeded 3D scaffold. This s ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 041005 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Residual Stress Around the Cortical Surface in Bovine Femoral Diaphysis
Satoshi Yamada and Shigeru Tadano
Residual stress in living tissue plays an important role in mechanical strength. We have reported that residual stress exists in the bone tissue of a rabbit's tibiofibula. The purpose of this study is to measure the residual stress around the outer cortical region of bovine femoral diaphysis and to ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 044503 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Investigation of the Intervertebral Disc and Fused Joint Dynamics Through Experimental Modal Analysis and the Receptance Coupling Method
M. Malekian, D. Trieu, J. S. Owoc, S. S. Park, and C. J. Hunter
Identification of intervertebral disc (IVD) dynamics is important in understanding the spine mechanism and behavior. This paper experimentally identifies the dynamics of the bovine caudal IVD using experimental modal analysis and the inverse receptance coupling method. Experimental modal analysis wa ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 041004 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Performance of a Novel Rotating Gas-Liquid Separator
G. P. Willems, J. P. Kroes, M. Golombok, B. P. M. van Esch, H. P. van Kemenade et al.
A novel gas separation process makes use of a rotating phase separator to separate micron-sized droplets from a gas stream. Based on an industrial scale design, a water/air separator is constructed and tested. The first experiment concerns the drainage of large fractions of separated liquid. During ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 031301 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Development Length Requirements for Fully Developed Laminar Pipe Flow of Yield Stress Fluids
R. J. Poole and R. P. Chhabra
In this technical brief, we report the results of a systematic numerical investigation of developing laminar pipe flow of yield stress fluids, obeying models of the Bingham-type. We are able to show that using a suitable choice of the Reynolds number allows, for high Reynolds number values at least, ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 034501 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
The Linear Stability Analysis of the LambOseen Vortex in a Finite-Length Pipe
S. Wang, S. Taylor, and K. Ku Akil
This article extends the perturbation method introduced by Wang (2008, A Novel Method for Analyzing the Global Stability of Inviscid Columnar Swirling Flow in a Finite Pipe, Phys. Fluids, 20(7), p. 074101) to determine the global stability of a swirling flow in a straight circular pipe with specifie ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 031201 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
A Novel 2D Incompressible Viscous Inverse Design Method for Internal Flows Using Flexible String Algorithm
Mahdi Nili-Ahmadabadi, Ali Hajilouy-Benisi, Farhad Ghadak, and Mohammad Durali
In this investigation, the flexible string algorithm (FSA), used before for inverse design of subsonic and supersonic ducts in compressible flows with and without normal shock, is developed and applied for inverse design of 2D incompressible viscous internal flow with and without separation. In the ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 031401 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Flow Force Analysis of a Variable Force Solenoid Valve for Automatic Transmissions
Gee Soo Lee, Hyung Jin Sung, Hyun Chul Kim, and Hyun Woo Lee
Three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the flow dynamic behavior and pressure characteristics of a variable force solenoid (VFS) valve used in automatic transmissions. To visualize the dynamic movement of the spool, a moving mesh with dynamic layering meshes for vary ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 031103 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
An Analytical/Computational Approach in Assessing Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Variable Tension Riser
Per M. Josefsson and Charles Dalton
The transverse vibratory response of a long, slender vertical top tension riser, subject to an ocean current, is studied. The problem is treated as a coupled fluid flow/vibration problem, which is solved numerically. The fluid flow part is represented by the 2D NavierStokes equations, with large-edd ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 031302 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Influence of Spud-Can-Soil Interaction Modeling and Parameters on the Reliability Index of Neka Drilling Jack-Up Platform
M. R. Emami Azadi
In the present study, the influence of spud-can-soil modeling and parameters on the reliability index of jack-up platform is investigated. Neka platform is studied as a case, which is a three-leg drilling jack-up type platform located in water depth of about 91 m in the Caspian Sea region. Various s ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 031601 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Seismic Performance of Jacket Type Offshore Platforms Through Incremental Dynamic Analysis
Behrouz Asgarian and Azadeh Ajamy
Fixed offshore platforms in seismic active areas may be subjected to strong ground motions, causing the platform to undergo deformation well into the inelastic range. In this paper, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of jacket type offshore platforms subjected to earthquake was performed in order to ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 031301 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Estimation of Local Ice Pressure Using Up-Crossing Rate
Chuanke Li, Ian J. Jordaan, and Rocky S. Taylor
Ice load estimation is required in the design of ships and offshore structures for arctic and subarctic conditions. This paper focuses on the estimation of local ice pressures. The event-maximum method for local ice pressure analysis is a probabilistic method based on the maximum pressure of a given ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 031501 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Vertical Riser VIV Simulation in Uniform Current
Kevin Huang, Hamn-Ching Chen, and Chia-Rong Chen
Recently, some riser vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) experimental data have been made publicly available (oe.mit.edu/VIV/) including a 10 m riser VIV experiment performed by Marintek, Trondheim, Norway, and donated by ExxonMobil URC, Houston, TX, USA. This paper presents our numerical simulation re ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 132, 031101 (2010)] published Wed Mar 17, 2010.
Fast ion generation in the cathode plasma jet of a multipicosecond laser-triggered vacuum discharge
A. Moorti, P. A. Naik, and P. D. Gupta
Ion generation in the cathode plasma jet of a moderate-current (~2.3 kA), low-energy (<=20 J) vacuum spark discharge triggered by ~27 ps, 10 mJ laser pulses is studied using time of flight technique. Fastest ion velocity and velocity corresponding to the peak of the time of flight signals for Al ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033504 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Nonferromagnetic material inserted magnetostrictive patch bonding technique for torsional modal testing of a ferromagnetic cylinder
Chan Il Park and Yoon Young Kim
Torsional vibration testing requires pure torsional mode transduction. However, no reliable technique is available for exciting torsional vibrations in ferromagnetic cylinders for a relatively wide range of frequencies. A magnetostrictive patch bonding excitation method developed for nonferromagneti ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 035103 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Metal-ceramic laminate composite magnetoelectric gradiometer
V. Bedekar, M. I. Bichurin, S. N. Ivanov, Y. J. Pukinski, and S. Priya
Gradiometer resembles in functionality a magnetic field sensor where it measures the magnetic field gradient and its sensitivity is determined by the ability to quantify differential voltage change with respect to a reference value. Magnetoelectric (ME) gradiometer designed in this study is based up ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033906 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis with a position sensitive detector
Zdravko Siketic, Iva Bogdanovic Radovic, Milko Jaksic, and Natko Skukan
A position sensitive detection system based on the microchannel plate detector has been constructed and installed at the existing time of flight (TOF) spectrometer in order to perform a kinematic correction and improve the surface time/depth resolution of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) sys ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033305 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Intrashot motional Stark effect calibration technique for lower hybrid current drive experiments
Jinseok Ko, Steve Scott, Syun'ichi Shiraiwa, Martin Greenwald, Ronald Parker et al.
The spurious drift in pitch angle of order several degrees measured by the motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak over the course of an experimental run day has precluded direct utilization of independent absolute calibrations. Recently, the underlying cause of the drift ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033505 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
A spin- and angle-resolving photoelectron spectrometer
M. H. Berntsen, P. Palmgren, M. Leandersson, A. Hahlin, J. Ahlund et al.
A new type of hemispherical electron energy analyzer that permits angle and spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been developed. The analyzer permits standard angle resolved spectra to be recorded with a two-dimensional detector in parallel with spin detection using a mini-Mott polarimeter. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 035104 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
High-voltage testing of a 500-kV dc photocathode electron gun
Ryoji Nagai, Ryoichi Hajima, Nobuyuki Nishimori, Toshiya Muto, Masahiro Yamamoto et al.
A high-voltage dc photocathode electron gun was successfully conditioned up to a voltage of 550 kV and a long-time holding test for 8 h was demonstrated at an acceleration voltage of 500 kV. The dc photocathode electron gun is designed for future light sources based on energy-recovery linac and cons ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033304 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
High quality Ge epitaxial layers in narrow channels on Si (001) substrates
G. Wang, E. Rosseel, R. Loo, P. Favia, H. Bender et al.
We demonstrate the selective growth of high quality Ge epitaxial layers in channels as narrow as 10 nm on patterned Si (001) substrates by a combination of low temperature growth and selective recrystallization using Ge melt and regrowth during a millisecond laser anneal. Filling narrow trenches at ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111903 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Strong dependence of spin dynamics on the orientation of an external magnetic field for InSb and InAs
K. L. Litvinenko, M. A. Leontiadou, Juerong Li, S. K. Clowes, M. T. Emeny et al.
Electron spin relaxation times have been measured in InSb and InAs epilayers in a moderate (<4 T) external magnetic field. A strong and opposite field dependence of the spin lifetime was observed for longitudinal (Faraday) and transverse (Voigt) configuration. In the Faraday configuration the spin ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111107 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Efficient local fixing of photorefractive polymer hologram using a laser beam
Guoqiang Li and Peng Wang
We propose and demonstrate a novel technique for efficient local fixing of photorefractive polymer hologram using a laser beam. In the technique, a CO laser beam is used to heat the sample and a local hologram can be fixed easier than previous methods. By using thinner glass substrates for the photo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111109 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Radiation emission from wrinkled SiGe/SiGe nanostructure
A. I. Fedorchenko, H. H. Cheng, G. Sun, and R. A. Soref
Semiconductor optical emitters radiate light via band-to-band optical transitions. Here, a different mechanism of radiation emission, which is not related to the energy band of the materials, is proposed. In the case of carriers traveling along a sinusoidal trajectory through a wrinkled nanostructur ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113104 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Suppression of high-power microwave dielectric multipactor by resonant magnetic field
C. Chang, G. Z. Liu, C. X. Tang, C. H. Chen, H. Shao et al.
Through dynamic calculation and electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation, high-power microwave dielectric multipactor is discovered to be suppressed by utilizing external dc magnetic field parallel to the surface, perpendicular to the rf field and satisfying the gyrofrequency close to the rf freq ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111502 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Influence of grating period on kinetics of self-diffraction in nematic liquid crystal panel with photoconducting polymeric layer
Lech Sznitko, Agata Anczykowska, Jaroslaw Mysliwiec, and Stanislaw Bartkiewicz
The authors report on grating spacing influence on self-diffraction phenomenon in nematic liquid crystal panel with photoconducting polymeric layer. For grating recording typical degenerated two-wave mixing experimental set-up was used. Self-diffraction was induced by neodymium doped yttrium aluminu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111106 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Hyper-interface, the bridge between radiative wave and evanescent wave
Zheng Liu, Zixian Liang, Xunya Jiang, Xinhua Hu, Xin Li et al.
We investigate optical properties of the interface between the anisotropic metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion and the isotropic dielectric. With material dispersion, a comprehensive theory is constructed, and the hyper-lens effect that the evanescent wave can be converted into the radiative wav ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113507 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Probing long bones with ultrasonic body waves
Lawrence H. Le (黎仲勳), Yu J. Gu (谷宇), Yuping Li (李玉平), and Chan Zhang (張嬋)
This study uses seismological principles and techniques including waveform simulations and travel time calculations to reveal the nature of ultrasound wave propagation in long bones at small offsets (source-to-receiver distances) and times. Our experiments confirm the existence of reflected and conv ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 114102 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Strain evolution during the silicidation of nanometer-scale SiGe semiconductor devices studied by dark field electron holography
David Cooper, Armand Beche, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Veronique Carron, and Jean-Luc Rouviere
SiGe is routinely used to induce strain in modern semiconductors in order to improve the mobility of the carriers in the channel. Due to the absence of a technique that can accurately measure the strain in these devices with nanometer-scale resolution it has been difficult to assess the effects of p ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113508 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Mechanically flexible polymeric compound one-dimensional photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies
Christian Jansen, Steffen Wietzke, Victoria Astley, Daniel M. Mittleman, and Martin Koch
We describe the fabrication and characterization of fully flexible one-dimensional photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies based on alternating layers of a highly refracting polymeric compound and a pure polymer. Due to the high permittivity contrast and low intrinsic material absorption, even a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111108 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
The gain effect in a magnetic plasmon waveguide
Shuming Wang, Zhihong Zhu, Jingxiao Cao, Tao Li, Hui Liu et al.
Loss is a crucial problem in plasmonic integrated optical circuits and metamaterials. The Er, Yb codoped gain material is introduced into a magnetic plasmon waveguide composed of a chain of nanosandwiches in order to solve the loss problem in such subwavelength waveguide. The magnetic plasmon mode a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113103 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Effects of annealing on the local structure of Fe and Co in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB tunnel junctions: An extended x-ray-absorption fine structure study
Abdul K. Rumaiz, J. C. Woicik, W. G. Wang, Jean Jordan-Sweet, G. H. Jaffari et al.
Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was used to study the evolution of the local structure of Fe and Co as a function of annealing time in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions. EXAFS indicates B depletion and crystallization of the CoFeB layers within a few seconds of the post grow ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112502 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Efficient laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet sources using grooved Sn targets
S. S. Harilal, T. Sizyuk, V. Sizyuk, and A. Hassanein
An efficient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) generation method has been developed with the use of a CO laser-produced plasma from a grooved target. A ~5% conversion efficiency from laser to 13.5 nm photons was obtained with the use of grooves in a tin target or by repeated laser pulse shots at the same ta ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111503 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Optically band-tunable color cone lasing emission in a dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal with a photoisomerizable chiral dopant
C.-R. Lee, S.-H. Lin, H.-S. Ku, J.-H. Liu, P.-C. Yang et al.
This work demonstrates the feasibility of an optically band-tunable color cone lasing emission (CCLE) based on a dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal with a photoisomerizable chiral dopant. Experimental results indicate that the lasing band of the formed CCLE can be tuned optically among various col ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111105 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Microstructural properties and dislocation evolution on a GaN grown on patterned sapphire substrate: A transmission electron microscopy study
Y. H. Kim, H. Ruh, Y. K. Noh, M. D. Kim, and J. E. Oh
The microstructural properties of a GaN layer grown on a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) were studied in detail using transmission electron microscope techniques to determine dislocation and growth behaviors. Regular and uniform recrystallized GaN islands were observed on the protruding pattern. ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063501 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Endurance improvement of resistance switching behaviors in the LaCaMnO film based devices with AgAl alloy top electrodes
R. Yang, X. M. Li, W. D. Yu, X. D. Gao, D. S. Shang et al.
The resistance switching characteristics of the LaCaMnO-based devices with the top electrodes of Ag, AgAl alloys with the atomic ratios of Ag:Al=2:1 (2AgAl) and Ag:Al=1:2 (Ag2Al), and Al have been investigated. The device with 2AgAl top electrode shows excellent endurance, where more than 1000 cycle ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063703 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
High precision thermal stress study on flip chips by synchrotron polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction
Kai Chen, N. Tamura, Wei Tang, M. Kunz, Yi-Chia Chou et al.
The bending and residual stress of flip chips caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion between the chip and the substrate have been measured by polychromatic microfocused synchrotron x-ray beam. Precise orientation information as a function of position on the chip was obtained from Laue diffracti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063502 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Conduction switching behaviors of a small molecular device
M. Qiu, Z. H. Zhang, X. Q. Deng, and K. Q. Chen
We calculate the current-voltage properties for a small organic molecule system based on the local atomic orbital density-functional theory. It has been found that our system has a distinctive conduction switching behavior with the on/off ratio on the order of 10 at a bias of 0.8 V and then up to mo ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063704 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Simulations of photoconductivity and lifetime for steady state and nonsteady state measurements
N. Schuler, T. Hahn, S. Schmerler, S. Hahn, K. Dornich et al.
Contact less measurements of the minority carrier lifetime and the photoconductivity are widely used to characterize the material quality and to investigate defects in a sample. In order to interpret these measurements correctly and to guarantee comparability between different methods, numerical sim ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064901 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Evolution of ferroelectric domain structures embedded inside polycrystalline BaTiO during heating
Mesut Varlioglu, Ersan Ustundag, Nobumichi Tamura, and Jacob L. Jones
The evolution of ferroelectric domains inside a single grain of a polycrystalline BaTiO ceramic was investigated under quasistatic heating by using polychromatic scanning x-ray microdiffraction. Four domain orientations were observed, three of which exhibited a classic of ~90 degrees ferroelastic r ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064101 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Hopping conduction in nitrogen doped ZnO in the temperature range 10300 K
Sayanee Majumdar and P. Banerji
Electrical transport mechanism in as-prepared and nitrogen (N) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films has been investigated in the temperature range 10300 K. The samples were grown by pulsed laser deposition in oxygen (O) ambience. The doped films show p-type conductivity at room temperature. It is found ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063702 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
On the formation of Na nanoparticles in femtosecond-laser irradiated glasses
Nan Jiang, Dong Su, Jianrong Qiu, and John C. H. Spence
This work discusses the response of Na to both high-energy electrons and femtosecond-laser (fs-laser) pulses in the soda-lime glass. The evidence for different responses of Na to high-energy electron irradiation between glasses with and without fs-laser irradiation suggests that the chemical and/or ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064301 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
In situ x-ray diffraction studies on epitaxial VO films grown on c-AlO during thermally induced insulator-metal transition
Kunio Okimura, Joe Sakai, and Shriram Ramanathan
The structural phase transition (SPT) of VO films epitaxially grown on c-AlO substrates by pulsed laser deposition and reactive sputtering was investigated by in situ temperature-controlled x-ray diffraction (XRD) across metal-insulator transition (MIT). An intermediate insulator phase was observed ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063503 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Reverse graded SiGe/Ge/Si buffers for high-composition virtual substrates
V. A. Shah, A. Dobbie, M. Myronov, and D. R. Leadley
The effect of compositional grading rate on reverse linear graded silicon germanium virtual substrates, grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition, is investigated. For a Si(001)/Ge/RLG/SiGe buffer of 2.4 [mu]m total thickness the threading dislocation density (TDD) within the top, fully r ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064304 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Control of an electrowetting-based beam deflector
Bart de Boer, Freek Suijver, Mischa Megens, Szabolcs Deladi, and Stein Kuiper
We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of a small, low-power beam deflector based on electrowetting. The beam deflector deflects light by refraction at the flat interface (meniscus) between two immiscible and density-matched liquids, namely, a nonpolar oil mixture and an aqueous salt solution ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063101 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Time-resolved imaging of millimeter waves using visible continuum from the positive column of a CsXe dc discharge
M. S. Gitlin, V. V. Golovanov, A. G. Spivakov, A. I. Tsvetkov, and V. V. Zelenogorskiy
We present a high-sensitivity technique for time-resolved imaging of millimeter waves (MMWs) using the visible continuum (VC) from the positive column (PC) of a medium-pressure CsXe dc discharge. For the MMW imaging application, a uniform plasma slab of the PC of a CsXe discharge with 10 x 8 cm ape ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063301 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Strain relaxation in high Ge content SiGe layers deposited on Si
G. Capellini, M. De Seta, Y. Busby, M. Pea, F. Evangelisti et al.
We have used Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy to investigate strain relaxation mechanism of SiGe heteroepitaxial layer deposited on Si substrates in tensile, neutral, and compressive strain conditions. The three regimes hav ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063504 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Growth and characteristics of GaInN/GaInN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes
Wonseok Lee, Min-Ho Kim, Di Zhu, Ahmed N. Noemaun, Jong Kyu Kim et al.
We demonstrate GaInN multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having ternary GaInN quantum barriers (QBs) instead of conventional binary GaN QBs for a reduced polarization mismatch between QWs and QBs and an additional separate confinement of carriers to the MQW active region. In com ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063102 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of phosphine- and thiol-capped gold nanoparticles
E. Guerrero, M. A. Munoz-Marquez, A. Fernandez, P. Crespo, A. Hernando et al.
In the last years, the number of studies performed by wholly independent research groups that confirm the permanent magnetism, first observed in our research lab, for thiol-capped Au nanoparticles (NPs) has rapidly increased. Throughout the years, the initial magnetometry studies have been completed ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064303 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Thermal stability of the nanostructured BaTiO determined by long and short range interactions: A dual-shell model
Shouzhi Ma, Xiaohui Wang, Ji Zhou, Longtu Li, and Chang Q. Sun
Although barium titanate (BaTiO) ferroelectrics at the nanoscale has been extensively investigated, the physical origin of their unusual performance, in particular, the suppressed thermal stability remains yet unclear despite existing models from various perspectives. Based on the consideration of t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064102 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
The thermal conductivity of aqueous nanofluids containing ceria nanoparticles
Michael P. Beck, Yanhui Yuan, Pramod Warrier, and Amyn S. Teja
We present data for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids consisting of two sizes of ceria nanoparticles dispersed in water at 298 K. We also demonstrate that the effective thermal conductivity of these heterogeneous nanofluids can be described by a simple mixing rule that incorporates the size dep ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 066101 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Substantial increase in acceleration potential of pyroelectric crystals
W. Tornow, S. M. Lynam, and S. M. Shafroth
We report on a substantial increase in the acceleration potential achieved with a LiTaO pyroelectric crystal. With a single 2.5 cm diameter and 2.5 cm long z-cut crystal without electric field-enhancing nanotip we produced positive ion beams with maximal energies between 300 and 310 keV during the c ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063302 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Modeling of the reverse gate leakage in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
S. Sudharsanan and Shreepad Karmalkar
The high gate leakage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on sapphire/SiC substrates having x=0.2, AlGaN thickness of 30 nm, and zero drain-source bias was earlier explained using the thermionic trap-assisted tunneling model. In the present work, we show that the same model can explain the gate leakage in AlGa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064501 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotube transistors after gamma radiation treatment
S. A. Vitusevich, V. A. Sydoruk, M. V. Petrychuk, B. A. Danilchenko, N. Klein et al.
Single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) were characterized before and after gamma radiation treatment using noise spectroscopy. The results obtained demonstrate that in long channel CNT-FETs with a length of 10 [mu]m the contribution of contact regions can be neglected. Mo ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 063701 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Second law of thermodynamics and phonon-boundary conditions in nanowires
A. Sellitto, F. X. Alvarez, and D. Jou
The restrictions placed by the second law of thermodynamics on the boundary conditions have a special interest in nanosystems, where the Knudsen boundary layer, whose width is of the order of the mean-free path of heat carriers, becomes comparable to the size of the whole system. Here we explore sec ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064302 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Efficient modified RC5 based on chaos adapted to image encryption
Mohamed Amin and Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif
RC5 is a well-known block cipher notable for its simplicity, speed, suitability for hardware and software implementation, and its low memory requirement. However, RC5 can be broken with various attacks, revealing weak security. This is mainly due to the poor diffusion operation that allows the ciphe ... [J. Electron. Imaging 19, 013012 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Multicategory Design of Bundled Products for Retail Channels Under Uncertainty and Competition
N. A. Williams, S. Azarm, and P. K. Kannan
One prevalent approach to increase both retailer and manufacturer revenues are to improve the attractiveness of a product offering by bundling related product categories together for one price. To be most effective, bundled products should be developed with an integrated design approach that seeks t ... [J. Mech. Des. 132, 031003 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Experimental Validation of a Hybrid Electrostrictive Hydraulic Actuator Analysis
Anirban Chaudhuri and Norman M. Wereley
The basic operation of smart material-based hybrid electrohydraulic actuators involves high frequency bidirectional length change in an active material stack (or rod) that is converted to unidirectional motion of a hydraulic fluid by a set of valves. In this study, we present the design and measured ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021006 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Nonlinear Forced Vibrations of Laminated Piezoelectric Plates
Muhammad Tanveer and Anand V. Singh
A numerical approach is presented for linear and geometrically nonlinear forced vibrations of laminated composite plates with piezoelectric materials. The displacement fields are defined generally by high degree polynomials and the convergence of the results is achieved by increasing the degrees of ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021005 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Vibration of a Segmented Heavy Column
C. Y. Wang
The vibration of a standing (or hanging) segmented column, affected by its own weight, is studied. The governing difference equations are solved numerically. The results tend to those of the continuous column as the number of segments tends to infinity. For the finite number of segments, the linear ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 024503 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Forced Vibrations of a Very Slender Continuous Rotor With Geometrical Nonlinearity (Harmonic and Subharmonic Resonances)
Imao Nagasaka, Jun Liu, and Yukio Ishida
When both ends of an elastic continuous rotor are supported simply by double-row self-aligning ball bearings, the geometrical nonlinearity appears due to the stiffening effect in the elongation of the rotor if the movement of the bearings in the longitudinal direction is restricted. As the rotor bec ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 132, 021004 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Security of ownership watermarking of digital images based on singular value decomposition
Khaled Loukhaoukha and Jean-Yves Chouinard
Recently watermarking algorithms of digital images based on singular value decomposition (SVD) have been proposed. Most SVD-based watermarking techniques use singular values as the embedding watermark information. These SVD-based techniques are advantageous for watermarking images since slight chang ... [J. Electron. Imaging 19, 013007 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
k-Wave: MATLAB toolbox for the simulation and reconstruction of photoacoustic wave fields
Bradley E. Treeby and B. T. Cox
A new, freely available third party MATLAB toolbox for the simulation and reconstruction of photoacoustic wave fields is described. The toolbox, named k-Wave, is designed to make realistic photoacoustic modeling simple and fast. The forward simulations are based on a k-space pseudo-spectral time dom ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 021314 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Effects of Mg Additive on Inhibition of Ag Agglomeration in Ag-Based Ohmic Contacts on p-GaN
Yang Hee Song, Jun Ho Son, Gwan Ho Jung, and Jong-Lam Lee
We investigate the effect of Mg additive on the inhibition of Ag agglomeration in Ag contacts on p-GaN. The Mg-containing Ag contact shows low contact resistivity of 6.3 x 10 Omega cm, high reflectance of 85.5% at 460 nm wavelength, and better thermal stability than the Ag contact after annealing ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, H173 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Water Permeation Through Catalyst-Coated Membranes
Makoto Adachi, Tatiana Romero, Titichai Navessin, Zhong Xie, Zhiqing Shi et al.
Water permeabilities, driven by concentration or pressure gradients, through NRE211 and catalyst-coated membranes are reported, and the effect of the catalyst layer (~18 [mu]m thick, 30 wt % Nafion ionomer, carbon-supported Pt, 0.4 mg Pt cm) on membrane water permeation is deconvoluted. For the sy ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, B51 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Experimental Study on Fault Caused by Partial Arc Steam Forces and Its Economic Solution
Daren Yu, Yanfeng Duan, Jinfu Liu, Zhansheng Liu, and Qinghua Hu
It is noticed in a few steam turbines that there are a pad temperature rise of more than 10 degrees C and a radial journal movement of more than 50 [mu]m in the bearings adjacent to control stage when they operate under partial arc admission at 6080% of their full load. It is found through fault me ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 064501 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Numerical Investigations on Leakage Performance of the Rotating Labyrinth Honeycomb Seal
Jun Li, Shengru Kong, Xin Yan, Shinnosuke Obi, and Zhengping Feng
Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes (RANS) solutions from CFX were utilized to investigate the leakage flow characteristics in the labyrinth honeycomb seal of steam turbines. At first, the accuracy and reliability of the utilized RANS approach was demonstrated using the published experi ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 062501 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Experimental Evaluation of the Transient Behavior of a Compressor Station During Emergency Shutdowns
J. Jeffrey Moore, Rainer Kurz, Augusto Garcia-Hernandez, and Klaus Brun
The transient behavior of compressor stations, particularly under rapidly changing conditions, is of vital interest to operators. Predicting transient behavior is an important factor in avoiding damage during events such as emergency shutdowns. A limited number of accidental data sets from compresso ... [J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 062401 (2010)] published Tue Mar 16, 2010.
Invited Review Article: Unsteady and pulsating pressure and temperature: A review of experimental techniques
Majid Nabavi
Unsteady flow of liquids and gasses are important in many scientific, engineering, and biological contexts. Measurement of the characteristics of unsteady and pulsating flows is more difficult than that of static flows. Time constants of the sensors must be understood, sampling rates must satisfy ba ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 031101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Texture image classification using modular radial basis function neural networks
Chuan-Yu Chang, Hung-Jen Wang, and Shih-Yu Fu
Image classification has become an important topic in multimedia processing. Recently, neural network-based methods have been proposed to solve the classification problem. Among them, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is the most popular architecture, because it has good learning and ... [J. Electron. Imaging 19, 013013 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Polarizer-free and fast response microlens arrays using polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals
Yi-Hsin Lin, Hung-Shan Chen, Hung-Chun Lin, Yu-Shih Tsou, Hsu-Kuan Hsu et al.
We demonstrate polarizer-free and fast response microlens arrays based on optical phase modulation of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PSBP-LC). Polarization-independent optical phase shift is because the propagation of an incident light is along the optic axis of PSBP-LC, and birefring ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113505 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Role of field-effect on c-Si surface passivation by ultrathin (220 nm) atomic layer deposited AlO
N. M. Terlinden, G. Dingemans, M. C. M van de Sanden, and W. M. M. Kessels
AlO synthesized by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition yields excellent surface passivation of crystalline silicon (c-Si) for films down to ~5 nm in thickness. Optical second-harmonic generation was employed to distinguish between the influence of field-effect passivation and chemical passivati ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
The role of polarization on surface plasmon polariton excitation on metallic gratings in the conical mounting
F. Romanato, K. H. Lee, G. Ruffato, and C. C. Wong
The polarization effects of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in an azimuthally rotated gratings have been investigated. Mixed s and p modes can be excited using the polarization angle of the incident light to optimize the SPP coupling. Experimental results and simulations show which component of pol ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111103 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Spatial distribution of nonemissive metastables in a two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma in Ar by using a pair of optical emission lines
Tomihito Ohba and Toshiaki Makabe
When a pair of short- and long-lived excited molecules are coupled with an upper radiative state, it will be possible to derive the number density of the long-lived species from the optical emission spectroscopy of upper-level short-lived species by careful selection of the pair. Two-dimensional den ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111501 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Strain-driven alignment of In nanocrystals on InGaAs quantum dot arrays and coupled plasmon-quantum dot emission
A. Urbanczyk, G. J. Hamhuis, and R. Notzel
We report the alignment of In nanocrystals on top of linear InGaAs quantum dot (QD) arrays formed by self-organized anisotropic strain engineering on GaAs (100) by molecular beam epitaxy. The alignment is independent of a thin GaAs cap layer on the QDs revealing its origin is due to local strain rec ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Controlling the thermomechanical response of liquid-crystalline elastomers by influencing their critical behavior
B. RoziC, S. Krause, H. Finkelmann, G. Cordoyiannis, and Z. Kutnjak
The profound understanding of the mechanisms that affect the thermomechanical response of liquid-crystalline elastomers is of significant importance for applications. In the vicinity of a phase transition this response is reflected to the thermodynamic critical behavior. We demonstrate that two main ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111901 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Gain and noise of high-performance long wavelength superlattice infrared detectors
Alexander Soibel, David Z.-Y. Ting, Cory J. Hill, Mike Lee, Jean Nguyen et al.
We experimentally investigate the noise and gain of high-performance long-wavelength superlattice (SL) infrared photodetectors. We compare a recently demonstrated SL heterodiode, which exhibits an electrical gain much larger than unity, with a SL photodetector without gain to show that the electrica ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
High-performance CF plasma treated polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors using a high-k TbO gate dielectric
Tung-Ming Pan and Zhi-Hong Li
In this letter, we have developed a high-k TbO gate dielectric polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) prepared under a CF plasma treatment. A high-performance TFT device that has a low threshold voltage of 0.89 V, a high effective carrier mobility of 59.6 cm/V s, a small sub ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113504 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
A direct transfer of layer-area graphene
William Regan, Nasim Alem, Benjamin Aleman, Baisong Geng, Caglar Girit et al.
A facile method is reported for the direct (polymer-free) transfer of layer-area graphene from metal growth substrates to selected target substrates. The direct route, by avoiding several wet chemical steps and accompanying mechanical stresses and contamination common to all presently reported layer ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113102 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity transition of CuO nanowire films
Feng-Ming Chang, Shao-Liang Cheng, Siang-Jie Hong, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao
The surface of CuO is known for its hydrophilicity and exhibits superhydrophilic nature as nanowires are present. When exposed in the air at room temperature or treated by low temperature annealing, however, transition from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity of the CuO nanowire films are obs ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 114101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Scanning gate microscopy of current-annealed single layer graphene
M. R. Connolly, K. L. Chiou, C. G. Smith, D. Anderson, G. A. C. Jones et al.
We have used scanning gate microscopy to explore the local conductivity of a current-annealed graphene flake. A map of the local neutrality point (NP) after annealing at low current density exhibits micron-sized inhomogeneities. Broadening of the local e-h transition is also correlated with the inho ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113501 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Open-circuit voltage limit caused by recombination through tail states in bulk heterojunction polymer-fullerene solar cells
Germa Garcia-Belmonte and Juan Bisquert
The output open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojuntion polymer-fullerene solar cells exhibts an offset of Delta[approximate]0.3 V with the difference between the donor highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the acceptor lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), as discussed by Scharber et a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113301 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Plasmon stimulated emission in arrays of bimetallic structures coated with dye-doped dielectric
A. Krishnan, S. P. Frisbie, L. Grave de Peralta, and A. A. Bernussi
We report results on the propagation modes in plasmonic structures incorporating a gain medium using Fourier-plane leakage radiation microscopy. We demonstrate that high contrast images and detailed mode propagation information can be obtained with arrays of dielectric loaded surface plasmon wavegui ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111104 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Physical and electrical characteristics of the high-k TaO (tantalum pentoxide) dielectric deposited on the polycrystalline silicon
Chyuan-Haur Kao, Hsiang Chen, Jing Sing Chiu, Kung Shao Chen, and Yu Tsung Pan
The high-k TaO films deposited on the polycrystalline silicon treated with different postrapid thermal annealing temperatures were formed as high-k interdielectrics. Physical and electrical characteristics of the TaO dielectrics were investigated with x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectrosc ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112901 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Modeling and characterization of metal-semiconductor-metal-based source-drain contacts in amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors
Sangwon Lee, Jun-Hyun Park, Kichan Jeon, Sungchul Kim, Yongwoo Jeon et al.
Due to the inherent property of large contact and parasitic resistances in amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs), a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure is a key element in a-IGZO TFTs. Therefore, voltage drops across resistances and MSM structure should be fully considered in ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113506 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
High-gain integrated inverters based on ZnO metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor technology
H. Frenzel, F. Schein, A. Lajn, H. von Wenckstern, and M. Grundmann
We report on the design and fabrication of ZnO-based integrated inverters consisting of normally-on metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors and AgO Schottky diodes as level shifters. The inverters show high gain values up to 197 at 3 V operating voltage and low uncertainty levels in the range o ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113502 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Temperature dependent nucleation and annihilation of individual magnetic vortices
G. Mihajlovic, M. S. Patrick, J. E. Pearson, V. Novosad, S. D. Bader et al.
We studied the temperature dependence of the magnetization reversal in individual submicron permalloy disks with micro-Hall and bend-resistance magnetometry. The nucleation field exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence with positive and negative slopes at low and high temperatures, respectively, while th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 112501 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Switchable phononic wave filtering, guiding, harvesting, and actuating in polarization-patterned piezoelectric solids
Cory J. Rupp, Martin L. Dunn, and Kurt Maute
We demonstrate the ability to manipulate the propagation of phononic (elastic, acoustic) waves in two-dimensional piezoelectric solids by spatially patterning the polarization distribution. We simulate the wave fields by the finite element method and demonstrate the ability to dynamically alter the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111902 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Periodic anchoring condition for alignment of a short pitch cholesteric liquid crystal in uniform lying helix texture
Gurumurthy Hegde and Lachezar Komitov
Due to flexoelectricity, a cholesteric liquid crystal unidirectionally aligned in a sandwich cell, with its helix lying parallel to the confining cell substrates, exhibit a flexoelectro-optic response when subjected to an electric field applied perpendicular to the helix axis. The clarity of the fle ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113503 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Transmission efficiency of surface plasmon polaritons across gaps in gold waveguides
Richard A. Flynn, Igor Vurgaftman, Konrad Bussmann, B. S. Simpkins, Chul Soo Kim et al.
A far-field microscopy approach is introduced that measures the transmittance of surface plasmon polaritons across gaps in plasmonic waveguides. Local plasmon intensity is monitored through radiation scattered from discontinuities placed before and after the gap. An unusually broad range of gap size ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111101 (2010)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Fiber-Reinforced Fly Ash Subbases in Rural Roads by Praveen Kumar and Shailendra Pratap Singh
Praveen Kumar and Shailendra Pratap Singh
Abstract not available. [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000115] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Fiber-Reinforced Fly Ash Subbases in Rural Roads by Praveen Kumar and Shailendra Pratap Singh
Sanjay Kumar Shukla and Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Abstract not available. [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000132] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Data Analysis Techniques for GPR Used for Assessing Railroad Ballast in High Radio-Frequency Environment
Imad L. Al-Qadi, Wei Xie, Roger Roberts, and Zhen Leng
Railroad ballast supports heavy rail loading, prevents track deformation, and provides drainage of water from the track structure. However, over time, ballast is fouled by the breakdown of ballast aggregate and/or the infiltration of fines, which undermine the ballast functions and affect the railro ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000088] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Evaluation of Subgrade Strength and Pavement Designs for Reliability
Rafiqul A. Tarefder, Nayan Saha, and John C. Stormont
Reliability is an important factor in flexible pavement design to consider the variability associated with the design inputs. In this study, subgrade strength variability and flexible pavement designs are evaluated for reliability. Six existing pavement section's design data are studied using probab ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000103] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Mesh-Independent Fracture Modeling for Overlay Pavement System under Heavy Aircraft Gear Loadings
Hyunwook Kim, William G. Buttlar, and Katie F. Chou
Flexible overlay systems often fail before reaching their design life due to the occurrence of reflective cracking caused by stress concentrations in the vicinity of joints and cracks in the underlying pavement. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite-element fracture model of a rehabilitated airfie ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000101] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Development, Calibration, and Verification of a New Mechanistic-Empirical Reflective Cracking Model for HMA Overlay Thickness Design and Analysis
Fujie Zhou, Sheng Hu, Xiaodi Hu, Tom Scullion, Magdy Mikhail et al.
The purpose of this paper is to present a new mechanistic-empirical (ME) reflective cracking model developed for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay thickness design and analysis. After reviewing existing models, the reflective cracking model based on Paris' law of fracture mechanics was considered as the ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000096] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Estimation of Remaining Service Life of Flexible Pavements from Surface Deflections
Daba S. Gedafa, Mustaque Hossain, Richard Miller, and Thomas Van
Remaining service life (RSL) has been defined as the anticipated number of years that a pavement will be functionally and structurally acceptable with only routine maintenance. Usually RSL is computed from pavement condition survey results. This paper presents a methodology whether RSL was estimated ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000094] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Integration of GIS and Data Mining Technology to Enhance the Pavement Management Decision Making
Guoqing Zhou, Linbing Wang, Dong Wang, and Scott Reichle
This paper presents a research effort undertaken to explore the applicability of data mining and knowledge discovery (DMKD) in combination with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to pavement management to better decide maintenance strategies, set rehabilitation priorities, and make inves ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000092] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Multimodal Feeder Network Design Problem: Ant Colony Optimization Approach
Afshin Shariat Mohaymany and Ali Gholami
Significant service performance capabilities of high-capacity mass transit make it a remarkable part of any large metropolitan transportation system. Unfortunately it is not feasible to provide citywide direct access to high-capacity transit. Other modes of transit are used as feeders to collect and ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000110] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Comparative Analysis of Compact Multilane Roundabouts and Turbo-Roundabouts
Raffaele Mauro and Federico Branco
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the traffic performances of turbo-roundabouts and roundabouts in terms of capacity and delays. We chose to use a recent German procedure for roundabouts included in Kreisel software as our calculation procedure to determine the capacity of turbo-roundabo ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000106] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Simulation-Based Assessment of Vehicle Safety Behavior under Hazardous Driving Conditions
Suren Chen and Feng Chen
Future sustained economic growth of the nation very much depends on the reliability and efficiency of its highway infrastructure system. Some vehicles, such as trucks, emergency vehicles, and sport utility vehicles, often experience increasing risks of single-vehicle accidents under hazardous drivin ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000093] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Structural Deformation Characteristics of Installed HDPE Circular Pipelines
Ardavan Motahari and Ali Abolmaali
This study presents a survey of deformation characteristics of the installed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines. Video and laser inspections are carried out on over 15,000 ft (4,572 m) of buried HDPE pipelines installed across the nation. Different types of deformation failure modes observed ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000091] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Practical Solution Concepts for Planning and Designing Roadways
Nikiforos Stamatiadis, Adam Kirk, Don Hartman, and Jerry Pigman
Developing a procedure that yields up to the maximum margin of return for the investment requires an approach that takes into account specific safety issues and the commensurate design elements for each roadway. Kentucky's highway agency has embarked upon an initiative tagged practical solutions whi ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000089] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Single-Stage Integer Programming Model for Long-Term Transit Fleet Resource Allocation
Sabyasachee Mishra, Tom V. Mathew, and Snehamay Khasnabis
The writers present a procedure for resource allocation among transit agencies for transit fleet management, specifically focusing on the purchase of new buses and rebuilding of existing buses. The model is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem of maximizing the total weighted average remai ... [J. Transp. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2010)136:4(281)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Equivalent Static Wind Loads on Long-Span Roof Structures by J. Fu, Z. Xie, and Q. S. Li
Jiyang Fu, Zhuangning Xie, and Q. S. Li
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000166] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Uniaxial Shear-Flexure Model for Reinforced Concrete Elements by H. Mostafaei and F. J. Vecchio
H. Mostafaei and F. J. Vecchio
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000165] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Uniaxial Shear-Flexure Model for Reinforced Concrete Elements by H. Mostafaei and F. J. Vecchio
Wei-Jian Yi and Xiao Yang
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000151] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
New Reference Wind Speed for Wind Turbines in Typhoon-Prone Areas in the Philippines
Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano and Takeshi Koike
The Philippines has good potential for wind energy utilization. However, it is also prone to strong typhoons. Thus, wind turbines that will be erected in these areas maybe categorized into a special safety class and the reference wind speed is left to the discretion of the designer. Due to this scen ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2010)136:4(463)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Experimental Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Block Masonry Walls Subjected to In-Plane Cyclic Loading
Vladimir G. Haach, Graca Vasconcelos, and Paulo B. Lourenco
An innovative system for reinforced concrete masonry walls based on the combination of vertical and horizontal trussed reinforcement is proposed. The mechanical characterization of the seismic behavior of such reinforced masonry walls is based on static cyclic tests carried out on panels with approp ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000125] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Effect of Wall Flexibility on Dynamic Response of Concrete Rectangular Liquid Storage Tanks under Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motions
A. R. Ghaemmaghami and M. R. Kianoush
In this study, the finite-element method is used to investigate the seismic behavior of rectangular liquid tanks in two-dimensional space. This method is capable of considering both impulsive and convective responses of liquid-tank system. Two different finite-element models corresponding with shall ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000123] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Tracking Error-Based Servohydraulic Actuator Adaptive Compensation for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation
Cheng Chen and James M. Ricles
Real-time hybrid simulation combines experimental testing and numerical simulation by dividing a structural system into experimental and analytical substructures. Servohydraulic actuators are typically used in a real-time hybrid simulation to apply command displacements to the experimental substruct ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000124] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Adaptive Harmony Search Method for Structural Optimization
Oguzhan Hasancebi, Ferhat Erdal, and Mehmet Polat Saka
This paper presents an adaptive harmony search algorithm for solving structural optimization problems. The harmony memory considering rate and pitch adjusting rate are conceived as the two main parameters of the technique for generating new solution vectors. In the standard implementation of the tec ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000128] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Effect of Fabric Webs on the Static Response of Spindle-Shaped Tensairity Columns
Thomas E. Wever, Theofanis S. Plagianakos, Rolf H. Luchsinger, and Peter Marti
Tensairity is a lightweight structural concept comprising struts and cables stabilized by a textile membrane which is inflated by low pressurized air. This paper addresses the effect of fabric webs inside the membrane hull on the static response of spindle-shaped Tensairity columns to axial compress ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000133] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Finite-Element Model for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Girders
Ashraf Ayoub and Filip C. Filippou
This paper presents a nonlinear model for pretensioned prestressed concrete girders. The model consists of three main components: a beam-column element that describes the behavior of concrete, a truss element that describes the behavior of prestressing tendons, and a bond element that describes the ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000132] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Simple Plastic Model for Shear Critical SFRC Beams
Nino Spinella, Piero Colajanni, and Antonino Recupero
A simple physical model, for prediction of ultimate shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is developed on the basis of a plastic approach originally proposed for reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. It is founded on the hypothesis that cracks can be transformed into y ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000127] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete in Hybrid FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns
T. Yu, J. G. Teng, and Y. L. Wong
Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns are a new form of hybrid columns recently proposed by the second writer. The new column consists of an inner steel tube and an outer FRP tube, with the space between them filled with concrete. The new column possesses s ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000121] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Cyclic Behavior of Shear Links of Various Grades of Plate Steel
Peter Dusicka, Ahmad M. Itani, and Ian G. Buckle
Plate steel shear links offer enhanced design freedom, including the ability to use steel grades that are not available in rolled shapes. This paper discusses the cyclic response of five types of shear links designed using steel grades that ranged from 485 to 100 MPa yield strength. The design and s ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000131] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Combined Distortional and Overall Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections: Design
Barbara Rossi, Jean-Pierre Jaspart, and Kim J. R. Rasmussen
This paper provides a critical summary of the European standards and design methods available for calculating the strength of cold-formed stainless steel compression members. The standards considered (so far mainly applied to columns failing by flexural buckling) are applied to the case of lipped ch ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000147] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Combined Distortional and Overall Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections: Experimental Investigations
Barbara Rossi, Jean-Pierre Jaspart, and Kim J. R. Rasmussen
This paper presents a series of 48 full-scale tests on press-braked stainless steel lipped channel section columns subjected to concentric compression. The tests were carried out between fixed ends in the Structures Laboratory of the University of Liege and the test specimens were designed such that ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000130] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Unified Element and Section Approach to Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures
M. R. Bambach
Slender open-section cold-formed steel members that contain flanges with edge stiffeners may buckle in different modes and with mode interactions. The element design approach (effective width method) has been shown to produce unconservative capacity predictions for a particular class of such members ... [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000120] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Structural Art and the Example of Felix Candela
David P. Billington and Maria E. Moreyra Garlock
Abstract not available. [J. Struct. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000144] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Performance Objectives Selection Model in Public-Private Partnership Projects Based on the Perspective of Stakeholders
Jingfeng Yuan, Miroslaw J. Skibniewski, Qiming Li, and Lei Zheng
Over the years, public-private partnership (PPP) has been acknowledged by many as an innovative approach to the procurement of public projects. The desire for more efficient and effective PPP projects renders the performance management to be increasingly important, in which the influence of the stak ... [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000011] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Integrated Schedule and Cost Model for Repetitive Construction Process
Kyuman Cho, Taehoon Hong, and Changtaek Hyun
Several efforts have been made by many researchers to develop a model for schedule and cost integration in construction projects, but it is difficult to integrate and manage schedule and cost in an actual construction site using such a model. The integrated schedule and cost model developed in this ... [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000009] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Analysis of Dispute Review Boards Application in U.S. Construction Projects from 1975 to 2007
Carol C. Menassa and Feniosky Pena Mora
Since their first successful implementation in 1975, dispute review boards (DRBs) gained popularity as a standing neutral alternative dispute resolution (ADR) technique, and were implemented on a number of high profile construction projects in the United States and worldwide. The purpose of this stu ... [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000001] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Consistency and Reliability of Construction Arbitration Decisions: Empirical Study
George Ossman, III, Mehmet Emre Bayraktar, and Qingbin Cui
While construction arbitration is analyzed in a plethora of information, there is a paucity of hard data about the consistency and reliability of the construction arbitration decision. The assumption that an industry familiar adjudicator will provide a reliable and consistent decision in comparison ... [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000008] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Editor's Note
Makarand Hastak
Abstract not available. [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000020] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Statistical Analysis on the Cost and Duration of Public Building Projects
Ayman A. Abu Hammad, Souma M. Alhaj Ali, Ghaleb J. Sweis, and Rateb J. Sweis
A probabilistic model is proposed to predict the risk effects on time and cost of public building projects. The research goal is to utilize a real history data in estimating project cost and duration. The model results can be used to adjust floats and budgets of the planning schedule before project ... [J. Mgmt. in Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2010)26:2(105)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Pedagogy of Teaching Value Management in Postgraduate Construction and Property Program
Ann T. W. Yu and Qiping Shen
As value management (VM) has been increasingly applied to enhance value in public construction projects, the core subject entitled Value Management for Construction and Property is being offered to postgraduate students in the Department of Building and Real Estate at the Hong Kong Polytechnic Unive ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000008] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Model of Integrating Humanitarian Development into Engineering Education
Bernard Amadei and Robyn Sandekian
Entering the first half of the 21st century, the engineering profession must embrace a new mission statementto contribute to the building of a more sustainable, stable, and equitable world. In particular, the engineering profession needs to train a new generation of engineers who can better meet the ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000009] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Joseph B. Strauss, Charles A. Ellis, and the Golden Gate Bridge: Justice at Last
Francis E. Griggs, Jr.
The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the best-known engineering structures in the world and was the longest suspension bridge in the world for many years. Its design has generally been attributed to Joseph Strauss, but recent evidence proves that Charles Ellis was the prime designer of the bridge betwee ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000007] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Project Management and Green Buildings: Lessons from the Rating Systems
Peng Wu and Sui Pheng Low
Building sector is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions around the globe. Being green, or sustainable, is one pressing issue coming from both internal and external drivers for construction and engineering companies. Green building has experienced rapid growth in the past several years. To ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000006] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Application of PBL Methodology to the Teaching of Engineering Project Management
Jose Manuel Mesa Fernandez, Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Joaquin Villanueva Balsera, and Gemma Martinez Huerta
Abstract not available. [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000002] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Editor's Note
Norbert J. Delatte
Abstract not available. [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000025] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Problem-Centered Approach in a Numerical Methods Course by Autar K. Kaw and Ali Yalcin
Autar Kaw and Ali Yalcin
Abstract not available. [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000020] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Problem-Centered Approach in a Numerical Methods Course by Autar K. Kaw and Ali Yalcin
G. Sankarasubramanian
Abstract not available. [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000001] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Methodology for Written and Oral Presentation of Research Results
Sanida Omerovic, Saso Tomazic, Milan Milutinovic, and Veljko Milutinovic
The purpose of the methodology described in this paper is to highlight an effective method for the organization of research results into written and oral forms. Authorities within supervising universities have realized that strong research by a candidate is often obscured by poor presentation, leadi ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000010] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Outreach to K12 Teachers: Workshop in Instrumentation, Sensors, and Engineering
Magued Iskander, Vikram Kapila, and Noel Kriftcher
During the summer of 2007, The Workshop in Instrumentation, Sensors, and Engineering (WISE) introduced 20 middle and high school teachers to hands-on engineering design in an intensive 2-week residential workshop at Polytechnic University. Teachers were introduced to sensors, instrumentation, and en ... [J. Profl. Issues in Engrg. Educ. and Pract. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000012] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Strength and Stiffness Response of Coir Fiber-Reinforced Tropical Soil by G. L. Sivakumar Babu and A. K. Vasudevan
Ana Paula Silva dos Santos and Nilo Cesar Consoli
Abstract not available. [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000076] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity of Compacted Silts and Its Correlation to the Elastic Modulus
Robert D. Hotz and Louis Ge
Thermal conductivity measurement is a quick and easy test for compacted soils. This study presents the results of thermal conductivity testing on silt compacted under standard and modified Proctor efforts. A comparison of moisture content measurements from both lab oven and field oven is also presen ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000035] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Strength Deterioration of Plain and Metakaolin Concretes in Aggressive Sulfate Environments
Erhan Guneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu, and Kasım Mermerdas
This study investigates the effectiveness of metakaolin (MK) on the improvement of durability of concretes to sulfate attack. Experimental parameters of the study were MK replacement levels, water to cementitious materials ratio, initial curing procedure in terms of air curing and water curing, and ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000034] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Damping Parameter Identification and Study of Metal Foam Filled Steel Tube
Yongqing Tu and Guangyuan Wang
Increasing the damping level is an important approach toward the rise of earthquake resistance capability of a structure. In this paper, the steel tube is filled with metal foam for increasing its damping level. A parameter identification method is developed for studying the contribution of differen ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000036] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Time-Dependent Behavior of Laminated Glass
S. Briccoli Bati, G. Ranocchiai, C. Reale, and L. Rovero
This research deals with the mechanical characterization of laminated glass beams (glass-interlayer-glass) subjected to bending, with the main purpose of evaluating the coupling that the interlayer is able to establish between the glass sheets; in fact, the interlayer provides the glass plies with t ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000032] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Coupled Micromechanical Model of Moisture-Induced Damage in Asphalt Mixtures
Silvia Caro, Eyad Masad, Amit Bhasin, and Dallas Little
The combined effect of moisture and mechanical loading on asphalt mixtures has been recognized as one of the main causes of premature deterioration of flexible pavements. This paper presents a micromechanical model of moisture-induced damage in asphalt mixtures. The model couples the effect of moist ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000031] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Comprehensive Evaluation of AIMS Texture, Angularity, and Dimension Measurements
Enad Mahmoud, Leslie Gates, Eyad Masad, Sinan Erdogan, and Edward Garboczi
Aggregates are the most widely used construction materials in the world in structures built from both asphaltic and portland cement concrete composites. The performance of these composites is affected by aggregate shape characteristics (e.g., angularity, texture, and dimensions). The aggregate imagi ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000033] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Proposed Behavioral Model for Deicer Scaling Resistance of Slag Cement Concrete
Irene K. Battaglia, Jose F. Munoz, and Steven M. Cramer
This study was performed to define and evaluate specific mechanisms that control deicer scaling (freeze-thaw) resistance in slag cement concrete. Modified ASTM C672 procedures were used to measure the deicer scaling resistance of concrete made with grade 120 slag cement substituted for ordinary port ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000029] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Properties of SCC Produced with Limestone Filler or Viscosity Modifying Admixture
Aggelos S. Georgiadis, Kosmas K. Sideris, and Nikolaos S. Anagnostopoulos
The objective of this contribution is to experimentally investigate whether self-compacting concrete (SCC), while in its fresh state, behaves differently compared to traditional concrete. To serve this cause several self-compacting and conventional concrete mixes of two strength classes are produced ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000030] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Compaction Characteristics and Bearing Ratio of Pond Ash Stabilized with Lime and Phosphogypsum
Ambarish Ghosh
Recycling of waste material is one of the effective solutions of its disposal problem. Fly ash produced by coal-based thermal power plants and phosphogypsum (PG) produced by fertilizer plants producing phosphoric acid as constituent of fertilizers, take huge disposal area and creates environmental p ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000028] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Optimization of Cement Grouts Containing Silica Fume and Viscosity Modifying Admixture
Mohammed Sonebi
There is an increasing need to identify the effect of mix composition on the rheological properties of cementitious grouts using minislump, Marsh cone, cohesion plate, washout test, and cubes to determine the fluidity, the cohesion, and other mechanical properties of grouting applications. Mixture p ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000026] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Characteristics of Rubber-Sand Particle Mixtures according to Size Ratio
Changho Lee, Q. Hung Truong, Woojin Lee, and Jong-Sub Lee
In this study, rubber-sand particle mixtures are investigated to understand their stress-deformation and elastic modulus characteristics. Specimens are prepared with various size ratios, sr (=D/D), between sand and rubber particles, and different volumetric sand fractions, sf (=V/V). Small strain sh ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000027] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Improved Repair of Concrete Structures Using Polymer Concrete Patch and FRP Overlay
Goli Nossoni and Ronald S. Harichandran
Concrete structures that are damaged due to cracking and spalling, associated with corrosion of reinforcing bars, are often repaired using shallow depth surface patches. Cracking and full or partial delamination of the patch repairs due to shrinkage and continued corrosion is generally unavoidable. ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000020] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Investigations on Pastes and Mortars of Ordinary Portland Cement Admixed with Wollastonite and Microsilica
G. D. Ransinchung R. N. and Brind Kumar
Wollastonite is abundantly available in Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, and Andhra Pradesh states of the Indian Union as a low-cost material. In this study, investigations were made on pastes and mortars to evaluate its potential as a new material for admixing with ordinary portland cement with ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000019] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Carbonation Curing of Slag-Cement Concrete for Binding CO and Improving Performance
Sean Monkman and Yixin Shao
Early age carbonation curing of slag-cement concrete was investigated to assess the feasibility of binding CO in slag-cement building products while improving their short-term and long-term performances. Four binder types were compared: an ordinary portland cement; an 85/15 slag cement; a 75/25 slag ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000018] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Effect of Mixing Constituent toward Engineering Properties of POFA Cement-Based Aerated Concrete
Mohd Warid Hussin, Khairunisa Muthusamy, and Fadhadli Zakaria
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) cement-based aerated concrete is a new type of lightweight concrete produced by integrating POFA, a by product of palm oil mill as a partial cement replacement in aerated concrete. This paper presents the effects of using a different character of mixing constituent such as s ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2010)22:4(287)] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Continuous Hydrologic Models and Curve Numbers: A Path Forward by S. J. Lamont, R. N. Eli, and J. J. Fletcher
Zekai Şen
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000034] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Comparative Study of ANNs versus Parametric Methods in Rainfall Frequency Analysis by Jianxun He and Caterina Valeo
Jianxun He and Caterina Valeo
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000195] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Comparative Study of ANNs versus Parametric Methods in Rainfall Frequency Analysis by Jianxun He and Caterina Valeo
Ozgur Kisi
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000158] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Closure to Discretization Issues in Travel Time Calculation by Sandra B. Pavlovic and Glenn E. Moglen
Sandra B. Pavlovic and Glenn E. Moglen
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000194] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Discretization Issues in Travel Time Calculation by Sandra B. Pavlovic and Glenn E. Moglen
Tommy S. W. Wong
Abstract not available. [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000004] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Hydrologic-Economic Analysis of Best Management Practices for Sediment Control in the Santa Fe Watershed, New Mexico
Heidi L. N. Moltz, Vicente L. Lopes, Walter Rast, and Stephen J. Ventura
The Santa Fe River Watershed in Santa Fe County, New Mexico was identified as one of the top five high risk nonpoint source pollution areas out in the Rio Grande Basin. This watershed was selected to demonstrate the use of hydrologic modeling as a powerful tool for assessing the impacts of land mana ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000187] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Hydrospatial Approach to Assist Decision Making on Reservoir Protection Zones
Ali Gul, Okan Fıstıkoglu, and Nilgun Harmancıoglu
Protection zones established for stream drainage systems or water supply reservoirs serve as a major protection measure to reduce water contamination. In essence, a number of physical, chemical, and/or biological processes act together or separately in these areas to reduce a contaminant's concentra ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000191] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Nonparametric Simulation of Single-Site Seasonal Streamflows
Jose D. Salas and Taesam Lee
Various parametric and nonparametric models have been suggested in literature for stochastic generation of seasonal streamflows. State-of-the-art nonparametric models are reviewed herein and their drawbacks identified. We developed a simple model that employs the k-nearest neighbor resampling algori ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000189] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Comparing Sigmoid Transfer Functions for Neural Network Multistep Ahead Streamflow Forecasting
H. Yonaba, F. Anctil, and V. Fortin
One of the main problems of neural networks is the lack of consensus on how to best implement them. This work targets the question of the transfer function selectiona vital part of neural network providing nonlinear mapping potential. Three nonlinear transfer functions bounded by 1 and 1 are selecte ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000188] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Modeling Radar Rainfall Estimation Uncertainties: Random Error Model
A. AghaKouchak, E. Habib, and A. Bardossy
Precipitation is a major input in hydrological models. Radar rainfall data compared with rain gauge measurements provide higher spatial and temporal resolutions. However, radar data obtained form reflectivity patterns are subject to various errors such as errors in reflectivity-rainfall (Z-R) relati ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000185] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Frequency Distribution of Extreme Hydrologic Drought of Southeastern Semiarid Region, Iran
Reza Modarres and Ali Sarhadi
Hydrologic drought is a type of drought which directly affects the water supply of a region. Long streamflow dry spells or streamflow under a specific threshold are usually considered as hydrologic drought. The annual extreme hydrologic dry spell length (AEHDSL) data of the Halilrud basin in the sou ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000186] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Operational Analysis of Water Application of a Sprinkler Irrigation System Installed in a Golf Course: Case Study by Muhammad Latif and Faheem Ahmad
Gurol Yıldırım
Abstract not available. [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000057] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Accuracy of Global Microirrigation Distribution Uniformity Estimates by Stuart W. Styles, Charles M. Burt, Franklin Gaudi, and Sierra Orvis
Gurol Yıldırım
Abstract not available. [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000056] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Discussion of Application of SEBAL Model for Mapping Evapotranspiration and Estimating Surface Energy Fluxes in South-Central Nebraska by Ramesh K. Singh, Ayse Irmak, Suat Irmak, and Derrel L. Martin
Wim Bastiaanssen, Bryan Thoreson, Byron Clark, and Grant Davids
Abstract not available. [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000216] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Modeling the Transient Pumping from Two Aquifers Using MODFLOW
Sushil K. Singh
A procedure is proposed for calculating the spatial and temporal variation of drawdown due to pumping a well tapping two aquifers separated by an aquitard, using convolution and MODFLOW. It can take into account the unsteady pumping discharge and cross flow through the intervening aquitard. A discre ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000162] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Simple Method for the Design of Microirrigation Paired Laterals on Sloped Fields
Shufang Jiang and Yaohu Kang
In this study, a method for designing paired laterals that meet with required water application uniformity on sloped fields was developed using the energy gradient line approach based on the definition of the best submain position locations in which the same minimum pressure exists in uphill and dow ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000178] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Assessing Pressure Changes in an On-Demand Water Distribution System on Drip Irrigation PerformanceCase Study in Italy
A. Daccache, N. Lamaddalena, and U. Fratino
The hydrant pressure head in an on-demand water distribution system can be subject to high fluctuation depending on the discharge flowing inside the pipes, with consequent impacts on the performance of on-farm irrigation systems. In this work, an Italian water distribution system was analyzed using ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000170] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Experimental Study on the Multisegment Regime of the Water Flow in Drip Emitters
Wei Qingsong, Lu Gang, Wang Li, Zheng Jincan, Liu Jie et al.
The flow exponent greatly determines the hydraulic performance of drip emitters. The objective of this study is to reveal the change of flow exponents with different water pressures. Laboratorial experiments of the relationship between discharges and water pressures were conducted with five types of ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000181] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Modified Horton's Equation to Model Advance Trajectory in Furrow Irrigation Systems
R. Saha, Shrini K. Upadhyaya, and Wes Wallender
A modified form of Horton's infiltration equation was used to model advance trajectory of the wetting front as well as for predicting cumulative infiltration in a furrow-irrigated system using experimental data obtained in a Yolo loam soil (Typic Xerorthents) planted to a furrow-irrigated tomato cro ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000157] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Distribution and Trends in Reference Evapotranspiration in the North China Plain
Z. W. Song, H. L. Zhang, R. L. Snyder, F. E. Anderson, and F. Chen
The distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration (ET) are extremely important to water resources planning for agriculture, and it is widely believed that rates of ET will increase with global warming. This is a big concern in China, where water deficits are common in the North China Plain ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000175] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.
Distribution and Trends in Reference Evapotranspiration in the North China Plain
Z. W. Song, H. L. Zhang, R. L. Snyder, F. E. Anderson, and F. Chen
The distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration (ET) are extremely important to water resources planning for agriculture, and it is widely believed that rates of ET will increase with global warming. This is a big concern in China, where water deficits are common in the North China Plain ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000175] published Mon Mar 15, 2010.