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October 2001 Volume 54, Number 10
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Cover: A tiny torsional oscillator sits on the "8" of a 1998 penny. The oscillator is the heart of a magnetometer that can measure single vortex flux jumps in a type-II superconductor. Innovative micromachines are profitably made, for a variety of tasks, using mature integrated-circuit technologies. For more on MEMS, see the article on page 38. (Courtesy of Cristian Bolle, Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies.)

Readings from the Physics Today Archive
We are proud to present a collection of readings from our archives that are associated with this issue. Updated throughout the month.

Physics and Archaeology
Physics-based techniques are yielding more accurate dates for our prehistoric ancestors, profoundly affecting our understanding of the past. --Ervan G. Garrison

The Little Machines That are Making it Big

Microelectromechanical systems are currently used in a variety of applications, including triggering airbags and measuring Casimir force. In the future, they may revolutionize the way we think about machines.
-- David Bishop, Peter Gammel, and C. Randy Giles

The Manipulation of Single Biomolecules
By monitoring the response of individual protein and DNA molecules to pulling and twisting, biophysicists can learn much about their structure and interactions. -- Terence Strick, Jean-Francois Allemand, Vincent Croquette, and David Bensimon

  Departments

Physics Update

Letters
Educating Students to Appreciate Physics
When Did the Science Wars Start?
A Proposal for Rescaling Units
Strings 2000's Top 10 Bemuse Belfast
Goldhaber Provided Szilard's Isotopes

Search and Discovery
Spacecraft Probes the Site of Magnetic Reconnection in Earth's Magnetotail

For the first time--and quite by chance--a spacecraft has directly encountered one of the most important energy conversion mechanisms in the solar system.

Spectra of the Most Distant Quasars Elucidate the Reionization of the Cosmos

Half a million years after the Big Bang, almost all the hydrogen in the cosmos was neutral. When and how did it all get reionized?


Buckyball Crystals Made to Superconduct at 117 K
By slipping molecules between C60 spheres in a crystal, researchers have raised the critical temperature as high as those of many copper-oxide superconductors.

The Stars have eyes
A team of researchers from Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, the Weizmann Institute, and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles have found evidence for a novel photoreceptor system in some species of brittle stars.

Issues and Events
Legislation to Revive OTA Focuses on Science Advice to Congress

In an era of tight budgets and shrinking programs, it will be difficult to reestablish the Office of Technology Assessment, once a small highly regarded office that provided science advice to Congress.

Brookhaven Celebrates Maurice Goldhaber's 90 years
Formal talks about physics past and present were interspersed with spontaneous reminiscences at a celebration of Maurice Goldhaber's 90th birthday at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Bell Labs Research Regroups as Parent Lucent Shrinks
With Lucent Technologies in meltdown, many researchers mournfully predict the demise of Bell Labs. Lab leaders, however, maintain they will stay at the forefront of research.

Cost Cuts Kill Climate Satellite
Deep cuts in NASA's Earth science budget for 2002 have claimed a second casualty.Having mothballed the Triana satellite, which would have provided data on ozone and climate change, NASA now plans to switch off another earth-observing satellite, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)
.

Physicist Arrested in Iran
It's been 100, 101, 102 days, counts Sorayya Shahtahmasebi Hadizadeh. By late August, she had seen her husband only a few times, always briefly and never alone, since he was arrested. "We cry a lot because his health is very bad and his life is in real danger," she says.

Superstring Theory Is a Theatrical Hit
A play about a suicidal astrophysicist, based loosely on Shakespeare's Hamlet, is proving to be a critical and financial success at London's Royal National Theatre.

Professor Surveys Physics Faculty Makeup
Donna Nelson, a chemistry professor at the University of Oklahoma, has surveyed the makeup of faculty in physics by rank, race, and gender for the country's 50 best-funded universities

News Notes
Instrumentation fellowship
Astronomy award founded
New DTRA Director
NSF TeraGrid

Web Watch
MSI Final Descent
The Night Sky in the World
Hoaxbusters

Opinion
After-Dinner Physics
Michael F. Shlesinger

Books

Physics, the Human Adventure: From Copernicus to Einstein and Beyond, G. Holton and S. G. Brush (reviewed by J. Evans)

The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae, S. Kwok (reviewed by H. L. Dinerstein)

Solid State Physics, M. S. Rogalski and S. B. Palmer, and Solid State Physics, G. Grosso and G. P. Parravicini (reviewed by B. R. Patton)

The Dating Game: One Man's Search for the Age of the Earth, C. Lewis (reviewed by P. R. Renne)

Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Fluid Flows, L. H. Kantha and C. A. Clayson (reviewed by J. Moum)

Splitting the Second: The Story of Atomic Time, T. Jones (reviewed by D. D. McCarthy)

Silicon Surfaces and Formation of Interfaces: Basic Science in the Industrial World, J. Dabrowski and H.-J. Müssig (reviewed by Y. J. Chabal)

New Books

New Products
Focus on semiconductor technology

We Hear That
Medwin Tops List of ASA Awardees

AAPT Honors Four at New York Meeting

Princeton Physicist Garners Dirac Medal

Three Share Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology

In Brief

Obituaries
Clifford Glenwood Shull

Louis Néel

Herman Feshbach

Hsu-Yun Fan

Werner Lindinger

Wilfrid Basil Mann

Andrew Ching Tam


Job Opportunities