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October 1965

Volume 18, Issue 10

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Strong shock waves

Robert A. Gross
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Strong shock waves can create very hot plasma. What temperatures can shock waves produce? What physical phenomena become important with increasing shock speed? What is the present state of our understanding of shock waves, where do they occur in nature, and how strong a shock wave can now be produced in laboratory devices? These are the questions discussed below.

Pilgrims' progress in search of the fundamental constants

Jesse W. M. DuMond
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The fundamental constants of nature are so interrelated that a measurement affecting one affects them all. The author became interested when Millikan's oil‐drop value of the electron charge was different from the value given by x‐ray determination of crystal spacings. To assist in finding the true values, he invented a method for plotting various functions of the constants in a space of as many coordinates as there are constants. If all measurements are consistent, the plotted functions intersect in a point. When they do not intersect, one examines standard deviations, which correspond to thicknesses of surfaces, in an effort to find out what is wrong. In three decades, searches of this kind have reduced uncertainties in the constants from a fraction of a percent to, at most, tens of parts per million.

Of higher symmetries

J. C. Polkinghorne
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Theorists from East and West recently spent two months at the IAEA Trieste Center discussing particles and high energies. The author, a reader in theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Trinity College, recalls here what was said of SU(6), relativity, “nearly conserved” parity, and broken symmetries.

Frequency control: Report on the 19th annual symposium…

A. D. Ballato and H. G. Andresen
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In the two decades during which the US Army has conducted its annual frequency‐control symposia, electromagnetic oscillations from atoms in transition have joined mechanical vibrations of crystals as frequency standards. Masers, in which hydrogen, ammonia, or rubidium is the active medium, and cesium beams function alongside quartz oscillators. Current developments are turning both crystal and atomic standards into more accurate and easier‐to‐use devices.
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The early history of the atomic beam clock

Jesse E. Sherwood
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Chicago physics club

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IPPS magnetism section

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Belfer conference

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Rheology

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Intermediate‐energy physics

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Plasma diagnostics

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Nuclei and particles

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Neutrons

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Magnetics

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Quantum electronics

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Applied mechanics

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Quantum optics

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Rarefied gases

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IUC

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Luminescence

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Colloque Ampere

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Modern Science and Technology

Robert Colborn, Editor and Jacques E. Romain, Reviewer
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Methods in Computational Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, Vol. 3, Fundamental Methods in Hydrodynamics

Berni Alder, Sidney Fernbach, Manuel Rotenberg, and J. Gillis, Reviewer
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An Author's Guide to Scholarly Publishing and the Law

John C. Hogan, Saul Cohn, and Robert L. Weber, Reviewer
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Internal Factors in Evolution

Lancelot Law Whyte and Eugene P. Wigner, Reviewer
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Excitons

D. L. Dexter, R. S. Knox, and Joseph L. Katz, Reviewer
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The Direct Observation of Dislocations

S. Amelinckx and Leonard Muldawer, Reviewer
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Ionized Gases

A. Von Engel and L. Marton, Reviewer
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Theoretical and Mathematical Biology

Talbot H. Waterman, Harold J. Morowitz, Editor, and Joseph G. Hoffman, Reviewer
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Introduction to the Atomic Nucleus

J. G. Cuninghame and J. E. Mansfield, Reviewer
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Traité de la Méthode Scientifique

Rene Leclercq and R. B. Lindsay, Reviewer
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Phase Transitions

Robert Brout and Stuart A. Rice, Reviewer
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Lectures on General Relativity

A. Trautman and Jacques E. Romain, Reviewer
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Progress in Optics, Volume 4

E. Wolf, Editor and H. E. I. Neugebauer, Reviewer
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Studies in Penetration of Charged Particles in Matter

J. E. Mansfield, Reviewer
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Studies in Statistical Mechanics, Volume 3

J. De Boer, G. E. Uhlenbeck, and Kurt E. Shuler, Reviewer
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The Habitable Earth

Ronald Fraser and Alan G. Henney, Reviewer
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The Scientific Age

L. V. Berkner and R. B. Lindsay, Reviewer
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Statistical Mechanics

Ryogo Kubo and Donald A. McQuarrie, Reviewer
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Alpha‐, Beta‐, and Gamma‐Ray Spectroscopy

Kai Siegbahn, Editor and Evans Hayward, Reviewer
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Surface Phenomena in Metallurgical Processes

A. I. Belyaev, Editor and Daniel B. Butrymowicz, Reviewer
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Books Received

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We Hear That

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FREE

Giulio Racah

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Cornelius Bol

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H. W. Russell

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William T. Allen

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George R. Sears

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Harley E. Howe

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Robert T. Keyes

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A. E. Becker

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Nonlinear mechanics

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Symmetry in crystallography

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Optical directory

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Terrestrial heat flow

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Neutron scattering

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Electrical constants and units

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Crystallography transactions

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Icarus and general relativity

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Natural neutrinos

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Phase interaction in the D layer

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New environmental‐sciences agency

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Solid‐state “thermonuclear fusion”

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NASA invites space experiments

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ORNL transuranium program

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NRL electron ring

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Smithsonian honor

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Einstein Medal

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British low‐temperature prize

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John Scott Awards

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Sigma Pi Sigma Council meets

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Kalmus award

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Student‐section projects

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New accelerator for WSU

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X‐ray diffraction at Portland

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Education journal

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Fluid mechanics fellowship

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NSF fellowships

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Austrian winter school

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New departments

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Industrial physics

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Calendar

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