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December 1997

Volume 50, Issue 12

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Ancient Stardust in the Laboratory

Thomas J. Bernatowicz and Robert M. Walker
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As it collapsed to form the Solar System, material in the solar nebula was churned up and homogenized. But not everything was lost in the mix …

The Foundation of the Silicon Age

Ian M. Ross
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The transistor was the product of basic research with a clear technological goal, but although the new technology was anticipated, its revolutionary impact was not.

The Moses of Silicon Valley

Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddeson
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How did the epicenter of the semiconductor industry come to be located in California, a continent away from New Jersey, where the transistor was invented and most of the fundamental semiconductor technology was developed?
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Physics Update

Benjamin P. Stein and Phillip F. Schewe
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How Should Physicists, Biologists Work Together? The ‘Harness the Hubris’ Debate Continues

Jay S. Huebner, Eric Jakobsson, Hans G. Dam, V. Adrian Parsegian, and Robert H. Austin
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BNL Official Explains Sources and Handling of Tritium Leaks

Peter Bond
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Lev Shubnikov: Physics Pioneer, Landau Ally, Secret‐Police Victim

Helmut Rotter
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Smithsonian Official Tells Why Enola Gay Exhibit Was Shot Down

I. Michael Heyman
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Entrenched Teacher Ponders Sokal Hoax and Student Beliefs

Mark T. Murphy
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Hysteresis Research Is a Priority Issue

Leon Gunther and Myriam P. Sarachik
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Do‐It‐Yourself Analysis Proposed for NCI's Data on Iodine‐131

Jon J. Thaler
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Book Review Fuels Debate on History of NMR Imaging

James E. Mattson, Paul Dreizen, and Paul R. Moran
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Story of Refrigerator Designed by Einstein and Szilard Gets Iced

Gene Dannen
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Work on Atom Trapping and Cooling Gets a Warm Reception in Stockholm

Barbara Goss Levi
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An atom at room temperature zips around at thousands of kilometers per hour. A hit by a single photon barely fazes it. Yet somehow, researchers have harnessed radiation forces to slow atoms to a few centimeters per second and trap them in place. For that feat, this year's Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded.

Optical Frequency Measurement is Getting a Lot More Precise

Bertram Schwarzschild
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A new trick for the repeated halving of optical frequency intervals now permits the measurement of optical atomic transitions with unprecedented accuracy.

New Results Suggest X‐Ray Emission is a Common Property of Comets

Charles Day
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The brandisht Sword of God before them blaz'd Fierce as a Comet; which with torrid heat, And vapour as the Libyan Air adust, Began to parch that Temperate Clime
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Fashions in Science and Technology

Rolf Landauer
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Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics

Peter Galison and W. K. H. Panofsky, Reviewer
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The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick

Andrew Brown and Roger R. Stuewer, Reviewer
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The Critical Point: A Historical Introduction to the Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena

Cyril Domb and Michael Wortis, Reviewer
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Atom Interferometry

Paul R. Berman, Editor and Vasili Kharchenko, Reviewer
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Microdosimetry and Its Applications

Harald H. Rossi, Marco Zaider, and Wesley Bolch, Reviewer
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How Nature Works: The Science of Self‐Organized Criticality

Per Bak and Shobo Bhattacharya, Reviewer
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Electrons and Phonons in Semiconductor Multilayers

Brian K. Ridley and Peter J. Price, Reviewer
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New Books

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Focus on Spectroscopy

Lawrence G. Rubin
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ASA Bestows Honors in San Diego

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FREE

Joaquin M. Luttinger

Philip W. Anderson, Richard M. Friedberg, and Walter Kohn
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Martin Schwarzschild

Bohdan Paczynski
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Eugene Ghiron Fubini

Harold Brown and Bert Fowler
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Earl K. Hyde

Richard M. Diamond
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Jürgen H. Rahe

Walter F. Huebner
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O. B. “Bill” Morgan

Michael J. Saltmarsh and Lee A. Berry
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Edward Norman Maslen

Syd Hall
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US Formally Rejects Leaked Claim that Russia Violated CTBT with Test

Irwin Goodwin
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Lax Security at Nuclear Weapons Labs Leads DOE to Strengthen Precautions

Irwin Goodwin
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Washington Ins & Outs: Kerr Heads FBI Crime Lab; O'Toole and Alm Leave DOE

Irwin Goodwin
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Washington Dispatches

Irwin Goodwin
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SNO Gets Set to GO

Toni Feder
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University of California Reviews Its Physics Programs

Toni Feder
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Rossnagel is President‐Elect of AVS for 1998

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Ippen Will Lead OSA in 2000

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IBM Will Open Research Center in India

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In Brief

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Web Watch

Graham P. Collins
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