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November 1997

Volume 50, Issue 11

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Amorphous Semiconductors Usher in Digital X‐Ray Imaging

John Rowlands and Safa Kasap
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The same photoconducting materials that made photocopying possible in the 1960s are now poised to provide a basis for convenient, fully digital radiography.

The Cosmic Rosetta Stone

Charles L. Bennett, Michael S. Turner, and Martin White
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Microkelvin variations in the cosmic microwave background encode a wealth of information about the origin and composition of the universe.

Marietta Blau: Between Nazis and Nuclei

Peter L. Galison
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Though all but forgotten, the Austrian physicist Marietta Blau was a pioneer in the field of nuclear emulsions. Her life and career tragically disrupted by World War II, she maintained a lifeline to the physics community through the simple, portable technique she helped to create.
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Physics Update

Benjamin P. Stein, Phillip F. Schewe, and Stephen G. Benka
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BNL Shakeup Tied to ‘Usual Medieval Suspects’; Environmental Responsibility Still Needed

Noel Corngold and Zane Spiegel
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Solar Irradiance: A Force to Be Reckoned With, a Story to Tell

Guillermo Gonzalez
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The Mbone's Connected to the School Zone

Moorad Alexanian
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Oscillator Discussion Reflects Laser‐Faire Attitude to History

Lee W. Casperson
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Planned ITER Study Is Deferred, Not Nixed

Norman Metzger
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Socioeconomic Factors, Not EMFs, Put Children at Risk for Leukemia

Hans Penkuhn
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Up with IPCC Climate Report; Down with Per Capita Energy Use

Tom M. L. Wigley, Benjamin D. Santer, and Albert A. Bartlett
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Borosilicate Glass Is an Option for Plutonium Disposal

Kevin Crowley
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Fractionally Charged Quasiparticles Signal Their Presence with Noise

Graham P. Collins
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Two experimental groups have detected the distinctive pitter‐patter of quasiparticles with charge e∕3 tunneling across a narrow region of a fractional quantum Hall system.

Tunneling Experiments in High‐Tc Superconductors Resolve a Puzzle

Barbara Goss Levi
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Like the pea that disturbed the sleep of the fairy‐tale princess, a Josephson tunneling experiment upset the consensus favoring a d‐wave pairing of the electrons in high‐temperature superconductors. Further studies of the tunneling behavior have now resolved the discrepancy.

A Hint of T Violation in a High‐Tc Superconductor

Barbara Goss Levi
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Stanford Wants to Build a TeV Linear Collider with Japan

Bertram Schwarzschild
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As the small test accelerator for the proposed 20‐km electron‐positron collider nears completion, SLAC and KEK have drafted a memorandum of understanding.
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Communications in Physics

Benjamin Bederson
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Near‐Field Optics: Theory, Instrumentation, and Applications

Michael A. Paesler, Patrick J. Moyer, and Aaron Lewis, Reviewer
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Chaos: An Introduction to Dynamical Systems

Kathleen T. Alligood, Tim D. Sauer, James A. Yorke, and J. D. Crawford, Reviewer
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Classical Field Theory: Electromagnetism and Gravitation

Francis E. Low and Robert M. Wald, Reviewer
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Yerkes Observatory, 1892‐1950: The Birth, Near Death, and Resurrection of a Scientific Research Institution

Donald E. Osterbrock and Woodruff T. Sullivan, III, Reviewer
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An Introduction to X‐Ray Crystallography

Michael M. Woolfson and Ian Robinson, Reviewer
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Scaling and Renormalization in Statistical Physics

John Cardy and David Thouless, Reviewer
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The Physics and Applications of Photorefractive Materials

Lazlo Solymar, David J. Webb, Anders Grunnet‐Jepsen, and Stephen Ducharme, Reviewer
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Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Physics and Materials Properties

Peter Y. Yu, Manuel Cardona, and Lu. J. Sham, Reviewer
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New Books

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Focus on Magnetism

Lawrence G. Rubin
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AAPT Bestows Awards at Summer Meeting

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AIP Presents Science Writing Awards

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In Brief

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FREE

Harold Q Fuller

Edward B. Hale, Ralph W. Alexander, Jr, and Robert H. McFarland
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FREE

Giovanni Astarita

Arup K. Chakraborty, T. W. Fraser Russell, and Arthur B. Metzner
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FREE

Fletcher Guard Watson

F. James Rutherford
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Ralph Andreas Höpfel

Nancy Hecker, Anton Zeilinger, Erich Gornik, and Jagdeep Shah
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Vance Sailor

Herbert Kouts
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FREE

Siegfried A. Wouthuysen

Leopold Halpern
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Washington Dispatches

Irwin Goodwin
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Washington Ins & Outs: New Faces at OSTP and ONR

Irwin Goodwin
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Senior Scientists on Soft Money Feel Pinch of Tight US Research Budgets

Toni Feder
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Web Site Brings Work of Women Physicists to Light

Jean Kumagai
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Physics and Politics Mix on Capitol Hill

Audrey Leath
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Scientists Immigrating to US Dropped Sharply in 1994

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Enrollment in US Physics Graduate Programs, 1968–96

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Ibbott is AAPM President‐Elect for 1998

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OSA Seeks New Executive Director

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In Brief

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Web Watch

Graham P. Collins
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