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May 2005

Volume 58, Issue 5

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Runaway Breakdown and the Mysteries of Lightning

Alexander V. Gurevich and Kirill P. Zybin
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The observed electric fields in thunderclouds are generally too weak to initiate the atmosphere's electrical breakdown. But cosmic rays can play a surprising role in the drama of lightning.

The Uranium Bomb, the Calutron, and the Space‐Charge Problem

William E. Parkins
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A participating scientist relates the story of a World War II project dedicated to electromagnetically separating uranium‐235 from uranium‐238.

An Organic Electronics Primer

George Malliaras and Richard Friend
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Weak intermolecular interactions, low dielectric constants, and the availability of a nearly unlimited number of different molecules determine the scope of organic semiconductors as systems for exploring and exploiting solid‐state phenomena.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Alan Lightman
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An original short story for PHYSICS TODAY
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Physics Update

Steven K. Blau, Stephen G. Benka, and Phillip G. Schewe
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Reflections on Teaching: Learning from Students

Jerry Gollub
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Hans Bethe: Superlative Scientist, Incomparable Mentor, Humanitarian, Friend

Silvan S. Schweber
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Ideas Generated for Transforming the Electric Infrastructure

Richard Factor, Wallace E. Brand, Clark Gellings, and Kurt Yeager
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Radioactive Sources May Enter US Illegally

Jerry F. Kerrisk, Joseph C. McDonald, Bert M. Coursey, and Michael Carter
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More Notes on Global Warming

Edouard Bard, George E. Smith, and Spencer Weart
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Albert Einstein to Max Born

Albert Einstein
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Record Gamma‐Ray Flare Is Attributed to a Hypermagnetized Neutron Star in Our Galaxy

Bertram Schwarzschild
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Magnetars are neutron stars with the strongest magnetic fields known in nature or the laboratory. A problematic subclass of gamma‐ray bursters may turn out to be extragalactic magnetars in disguise.

Evidence for a Plasma Inside a Sonoluminescing Bubble

Barbara Goss Levi
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The exceptionally bright light emitted by an acoustically vibrated bubble of argon gas in sulfuric acid helps illuminate the extreme conditions within a collapsed bubble.
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A String‐Theory Calculation of Viscosity Could Have Surprising Applications

Steven K. Blau
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A deep connection between strings and gauge symmetries enables theorists to address the dynamics of strongly interacting fluids.
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Accelerator Labs Regroup as Photon Science Surges

Toni Feder
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X‐ray free‐electron lasers signal a culture change at two accelerator labs— and offer them a new lease on life.
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Nuclear Power Needs Government Incentives, Says Task Force

Jim Dawson
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A high‐profile US government task force says it is in the national interest to use nuclear power as a clean and increasingly economical way to meet the growing demand for electricity.

US Postage Stamps Feature Scientists

Toni Feder
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Iran Hints of Nuclear Flexibility

Paul Guinnessy
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Yucca Mountain E‐mails Indicate Data Were Falsified

Jim Dawson
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Why Women Leave Academic Physics

Toni Feder
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Argonne Finds New Director In‐House

Cheryl M. Harris
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Dance for Physics

Toni Feder
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News Notes

Toni Feder
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Web Watch

Charles Day
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Crystallographers to Convene at Disney World

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Debunked! ESP, Telekinesis, and Other Pseudoscience

Georges Charpak, Henri Broch, and James Randi, Reviewer
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The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus

Owen Gingerich and Jim Lattis, Reviewer
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Advanced Astrophysics

Neb Duric and T. Padmanabhan, Reviewer
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Astronomy Methods: A Physical Approach to Astronomical Observations

Hale Bradt and T. Padmanabhan, Reviewer
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The Sky Is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist

Neil deGrasse Tyson and Larry Marschall, Reviewer
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New Books

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Focus on Lasers and Optics

Lawrence G. Rubin
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President Bestows National Medals of Science and Technology

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Gunn, Peebles, and Rees Receive 2005 Crafoord Prize

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In Brief

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James Arthur Krumhansl

Alan R. Bishop, James E. Gubernatis, and Avadh Saxena
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Gustav Konrad Medicus

Alan Garscadden
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Martti Mikael Salomaa

Robert Joynt and Mikio Nakahara
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Robert Phillip Sharp

Clarence R. Allen and David J. Stevenson
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William Edward Spicer

Ingolf Lindau and Piero Pianetta
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Carl Joseph Vyborny

Maryellen L. Giger and Charles E. Metz
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Mildred Widgoff

David Cutts, Robert Lanou, and Irwin Pless
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Lemuel David Wyly Jr

Ronald F. Fox, James R. Stevenson, and Henry S. Valk
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