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July 2007

Volume 60, Issue 7

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The Genesis of the International Geophysical Year

Fae L. Korsmo
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The International Geophysical Year of 1957–58 grew out of scientific interests, but also out of national interests, including the postwar reconstruction of Europe. Some say, though, that a chocolate layer cake was what sealed the deal.

From the Archives: Science and the War on

Albert V. Crewe
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Scientists can and must take the initiative in helping society solve such problems as air and water pollution and crime. We need new instruments to measure pollution and new ways to reduce it. Because the crime rate is rising so rapidly, we require new methods of detection and deterrence.

The Fundamental Physical Constants

Peter J. Mohr, Barry N. Taylor, and David B. Newell
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Incorporating recent data, a new set of recommended values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry has just been issued.

What's Wrong with these Stanzas?

N. David Mermin
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Enough of idle talk and twaddle. Let's celebrate the standard model.
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Language of Science I: Theories and Laws

Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky, William Hooper, Gregory Mead, Joseph Ribaudo, Lewis E. Wedgewood, and Richard W. Kadel
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Language of Science II: Degrees of Knowing

Lincoln Wolfenstein, Fritz Rohrlich, R. Kurt Huddleston, Steffan Puwal, and Helen Quinn
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Putting the Brakes on the Hurricane Heat Engine

Jonathan Katz and Kerry Emanuel
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Postscripts on Geodynamo's Beginnings

Frank Lowes and Henry H. Kolm
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Correction

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Most Luminous Supernova Ever Seen May be Manifesting a New Eruption Mechanism

Bertram Schwarzschild
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A supernova is conventionally taken to be a star's death knell. For the very brightest supernovae, that presumption may well be wrong.

Engineering the Energy Levels in Quantum Dots Leads to Optical Gain

Mark Wilson
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The achievement charts a straightforward path to the first colloidal quantum‐dot lasers.

Radar Reveals Mercury's Molten Core

Johanna Miller
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The answer to a long‐standing question about Mercury's interior sheds new light on the formation of the planet and the origin of its magnetic field.

Whiskers of Tantalum Trisulfide Twist in Response to an Electric Field

Charles Day
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A coherent electronic structure known as a charge‐density wave is responsible for the twist. How the whiskers pick a rotation direction is a mystery.

Quantum Oscillations Finally Seen in High‐Temperature Superconductors

Barbara Goss Levi
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The oscillations focus renewed attention on the nature of the Fermi surface near the onset of superconductivity.

Physics Update

Phillip F. Schewe and Charles Day
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China's Space Science Prepares for Liftoff

Toni Feder
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In its latest five‐year plan, China backs an ambitious selection of space‐science projects and encourages international collaborations.

Russia Leads International Team on Revived UV Space Telescope

Toni Feder
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Thanks to an upswing in Russia's economy, a long‐dormant plan for a UV space telescope is now taking shape.

Germany Forms Alliance for Terascale Physics

Toni Feder
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Workshop Aims to Double Number of Women in Physics

Toni Feder
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New Orleans Universities Censured

Toni Feder
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News Notes

Toni Feder and Jim Dawson
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Web Watch

Charles Day
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Deep Freeze: The United States, the International Geophysical Year, and the Origins of Antarctica's Age of Science

Dian Olson Belanger and Brian Fraser, Reviewer
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Principles of Nano‐Optics

Lukas Novotny, Bert Hecht, and Ole Keller, Reviewer
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Dark Cosmos: In Search of Our Universe's Missing Mass and Energy

Dan Hooper and Daniel Holz, Reviewer
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Intermolecular Interactions: Physical Picture, Computational Methods and Model Potentials

Ilya G. Kaplan and Lucjan Piela, Reviewer


See Also: Erratum

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The Star Wars Enigma: Behind the Scenes of the Cold War Race for Missile Defense

Nigel Hey and David E. Mosher, Reviewer
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New Books

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Focus on Lasers and Optics

Lawrence G. Rubin
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OSA Names Recipients of Awards, Medals

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NAS Elects New Members, Foreign Associates

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In Brief

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Paul Christian Lauterbur

Edwin D. Becker
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Kenneth Ingvard Greisen

David G. Cassel, Edith Cassel, and Donald F. Holcomb
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Chauncey Starr

Paul M. Grant
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The Case for Extra Dimensions

Lisa Randall
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GLAD Nanospirals

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