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September 2007

Volume 60, Issue 9

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Echolocation in Dolphins and Bats

Whitlow W. L. Au and James A. Simmons
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Stately dolphins and flittering bats both use biosonar for navigating and for catching prey. The details of their echolocation systems, though, have evolved to reflect their different physiologies and environments.

Phase‐Transition Dynamics in the Lab and the Universe

Tom Kibble
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Topological defects, such as vortices and flux tubes, that arise during phase transitions in condensedmatter systems can serve as models for a far more elusive defect—cosmic strings formed in the early universe.

The Diverse World of Liquid Crystals

Peter Palffy‐Muhoray
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Orientationally ordered soft matter is exceptionally responsive to a variety of excitations. That's the basis for its great range of applications.
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A Two‐Way Galaxy

Vera Rubin
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Cleanup, Not Cover‐Up, at Rocky Flats

William R. Alschuler, Anne Fenerty, David L. Clark, David R. Janecky, and Leonard Lane
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Weighing the Need to Accommodate Women in Physics

Eaton E. Lattman, Kelly Chipps, and Tevian Dray
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Nuclear Power Challenges and Alternatives

William Morse, Wallace Manheimer, Richard Wilson, Gerry Wolff, Alan Robock, and Walter Scheider
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Unwired Energy Questions Asked, Answered

Peter Traneus Anderson, Herzel Laor, Aristeidis Karalis, Andre Kurs, John Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljačić
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Pulsed Tunneling Maps Out an Electron System's Density of States

Charles Day
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Landau levels, spin splitting, and other features of a quantum Hall system come sharply into view when electrons tunnel through a tiny capacitor.

Stromboli Volcano's Explosions Have Deep Origins

Johanna Miller
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Real‐time spectroscopic measurements of emitted gases probe activity far beneath the surface.

Sonar Mapping Suggests that the English Channel was Created by Two Megafloods

Bertram Schwarzschild
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Until about 450 thousand years ago, Britain and France were connected by a land bridge, even at times of high sea level.

Physics Update

Benjamin P. Stein, Stephen G. Benka, and Mark Wilson
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A Physicist Proselytizes About Countering Global Warming

Toni Feder
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Moving to Mars is not the solution to global warming, says John Houghton. Rather, through lectures on such impacts as sea‐level rise, droughts, and floods, he hopes to mobilize Christians to reduce human‐induced climate change on Earth.
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Multiple Problems Push LHC Start to Next Spring

Paul Guinnessy
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CERN engineers are relieved to have more time to finish constructing the LHC.

Big Boost in Science Funding Authorized by Congress

Jim Dawson
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Congress authorized billions of dollars more for science than the president requested. But authorizing is not the same as appropriating, and skeptics are saying “show me the money.”

Grants to Women Come Up Short in Pilot Study

Toni Feder
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Physics Competitions Held in Iran, South Korea

Toni Feder
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DOE Fines LANL Managers

Jim Dawson
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News Notes

Toni Feder
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Web Watch

Charles Day
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Annual AVS Symposium Convenes in Seattle

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Descartes: The Life and Times of a Genius

A. C. Grayling and Roger Hahn, Reviewer
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Chaos and Complexity in Astrophysics

Oded Regev and Mario Livio, Reviewer
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Productive Learning: Science, Art, and Einstein's Relativity in Educational Reform

Stanisław D. Głazek, Seymour B. Sarason, and Diane Grayson, Reviewer
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Single Molecule Chemistry and Physics: An Introduction

C. Wang, C. Bai, and Anne Myers Kelley, Reviewer
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Quantum Optics: An Introduction

Mark Fox and Juha Javanainen, Reviewer
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New Books

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Focus on Software

Lawrence G. Rubin
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Dark‐Energy Discoverers Share Cosmology Prize

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National Medals of Technology, Science Awarded

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AVS to Present Awards

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In Brief

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James Hillier

Sterling Newberry
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Gilbert Jerome Perlow

John Schiffer and Charles Johnson
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Eyes on the LHC

Fabiola Gianotti and Chris Quigg
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Desiccation Cracks

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