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August 2011

Volume 64, Issue 8

cover: Steamy vents known as fumaroles, such as this one on White Island, New Zealand, can emit volcanic gases for decades, or even centuries, if situated above a persistent heat source. In many cases, rising columns of hot, buoyant rock known as mantle plumes are thought to carry the heat upward from Earth’s deep interior to the base of the tectonic plates and give rise to the hot spots. For more on plumes, see the article by Eugene Humphreys and Brandon Schmandt on page 34. (Photo by James Shook.)

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Select this Article		Particle physics, from Rutherford to the LHC Steven Weinberg


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	+ -	Show Topic Our understanding of fundamental particles has developed in ways that were unimaginable 100 years ago, when the atomic nucleus was first glimpsed.

Select this Article		Looking for mantle plumes Eugene Humphreys and Brandon Schmandt


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	+ -	Show Topic Seismic images of Earth’s interior offer evidence that hot columns of buoyant rock from deep in the mantle are the source of the volcanism at Yellowstone and similar hot spots. Yet mysteries remain.

Select this Article		NASA art: 50 years of exploration Tom D. Crouch


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	+ -	Show Topic For half a century, selected artists have been invited to express their visions of NASA’s undertakings. A new exhibit shares those visions with the public.

Letters

Lemaître’s Hubble relationship

Select this Article FREE		Lemaître’s Hubble relationship Michael Way and Harry Nussbaumer


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Coriolis effect, two centuries before Coriolis

Select this Article FREE		Coriolis effect, two centuries before Coriolis Christopher M. Graney


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Student lab safety emphasized

Select this Article FREE		Student lab safety emphasized Irving E. Dayton


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US pursuit of inertial fusion

Select this Article FREE		US pursuit of inertial fusion Wallace Manheimer


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A definition of energy

Select this Article FREE		A definition of energy Mariano Bauer


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Siphoning—a weighty topic

Select this Article FREE		Siphoning—a weighty topic John W. Dooley


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Select this Article FREE		Siphoning—a weighty topic James McNeill


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Correction

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Search and Discovery

Select this Article		A new upper limit on the electron’s electric dipole moment Bertram M. Schwarzschild


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	+ -	Show Topic Most proposed extensions of particle theory’s standard model predict that the electron has an electric dipole moment just big enough to measure with new molecular-beam techniques.

Select this Article		High-resolution data demonstrate gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background Johanna L. Miller


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	+ -	Show Topic From the data’s statistical properties, researchers can determine that the background has been gravitationally distorted without their knowing where the distorting foreground structures are.

Select this Article		Nanodiamonds are promising quantum probes of living cells R. Mark Wilson


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	+ -	Show Topic Even in a complex electromagnetic environment, the spin of a single point defect in diamond can be used as a sensitive magnetometer.

Select this Article		Kinetic experiments shed light on protein-folding thermodynamics Ashley G. Smart


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	+ -	Show Topic Perturbing biomolecules and then watching them relax may be the kind and gentle way to determine their free-energy landscapes.

Physics Update

Select this Article		A nanoscale mosaic model of static electricity Jermey N. A. Matthews


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Select this Article		Tantalizing and rare neutrino oscillation Stephen G Benka


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Select this Article		Houston’s structures thwart cleansing breezes Steve K Blau


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Select this Article		Stirring superfluids Charles Day


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Issues and Events

Select this Article		Job count is the leading indicator of basic research benefits David Kramer


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	+ -	Show Topic The paperwork accompanying ARRA-funded research grants adds costs for universities but provides more comprehensive metrics to gauge the benefits of basic research.

Select this Article		DOE looks hard at taking over deep underground site Toni Feder

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	+ -	Show Topic At stake is US leadership in the particle-physics intensity frontier.

Select this Article FREE		Harnessing consumer mobile devices for science Jermey N. A. Matthews

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	+ -	Show Topic Researchers are exploring ways to utilize the sensors and software inside cell phones and mobile tablets.

Select this Article		Old satellite dishes become new telescopes Toni Feder

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Select this Article		New radio telescope eyes sky from Sardinia Toni Feder

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Select this Article		Obama’s R&D plan seeks a renaissance in US manufacturing David Kramer


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	+ -	Show Topic Robotics, new materials, and improved energy efficiency are among the elements of a multiagency effort. But lawmakers bent on cutting spending will have to okay the new funding.

Books

Select this Article		Soap, Science, and Flat-Screen TVs: A History of Liquid Crystals; Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals Peter Collings, Reviewer


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Select this Article		The Pursuit of Quantum Gravity: Memoirs of Bryce DeWitt from 1946 to 2004 Leonard Parker, Reviewer


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Select this Article		Science in the Age of Computer Simulation Francis Sullivan, Reviewer


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Select this Article		The Dark Matter Problem: A Historical Perspective Liliya L. R. Williams, Reviewer


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Select this Article FREE		New books


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New Products

Select this Article FREE		Focus on analytical equipment and diagnostics Andreas Mandelis


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	+ -	Show Topic The descriptions of the new products listed in this section are based on information supplied to us by the manufacturers. PHYSICS TODAY can assume no responsibility for their accuracy. For more information about a particular product, vis the website at the end of the product description.

Obituaries

Select this Article FREE		Robert Brout François Englert


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Select this Article FREE		Jay Gregory Dash Michael Schick, Oscar Vilches, and John Wettlaufer


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Select this Article FREE		Anthony Milner Lane Charles Clement


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Quick Study

Select this Article FREE		Watching galaxies evolve Christopher J. Conselice


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	+ -	Show Topic Astronomical observations cover more than 95% of the history of galactic evolution. The considerable activity we have seen reveals the ways in which galaxies form and evolve.