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February 2012

Volume 65, Issue 2

cover: This 1884 painting by Ivan Fyodorov depicts the 1764 meeting of Empress Catherine the Great, seated in the foreground, and renowned Russian polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, at left. Often regarded as the “Russian Ben Franklin,” Lomonosov was at once a scientist, inventor, linguist, and historian; his poetry was as celebrated as his physics. To learn more about Lomonosov and his crucial role in the emergence of Russian science, see the article by Vladimir Shiltsev on page 40.

Issue Cover
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A century of cosmic rays

Per Carlson
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Twenty years after puzzling atmospheric ionization led to the discovery of cosmic rays, their investigation opened up particle physics. Now they’re providing a window on extragalactic astrophysics.
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Mikhail Lomonosov and the dawn of Russian science

Vladimir Shiltsev
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Curiously unsung in the West, Lomonosov broke ground in physics, chemistry, and astronomy; won acclaim as a poet and historian; and was a key figure of the Russian Enlightenment.
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Women in physics: A tale of limits

Rachel Ivie and Casey Langer Tesfaye
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A newly completed survey of 15 000 physicists worldwide reveals that women physicists still do not have equal access to the career-advancing resources and opportunities enjoyed by their male colleagues.
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back to top Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy
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Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy

Alexander DeVolpi
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Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy

Irvin R. Lindemuth
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Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy

Ken LaGattuta
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Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy

Denes Marton
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Discussions in scientific nuclear diplomacy

Siegfried S. Hecker
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back to top Premature Nobel Prize decision?
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Premature Nobel Prize decision?

Yousaf M. Butt
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back to top The “Doctor” title: Respect or confusion?
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The “Doctor” title: Respect or confusion?

Alexey Kovalev
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The “Doctor” title: Respect or confusion?

Lub Lub
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The “Doctor” title: Respect or confusion?

Qing-zhu Yin
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back to top Analyses of dimensionless science
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Analyses of dimensionless science

John E. Allen
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Analyses of dimensionless science

Heinz Blatter
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Analyses of dimensionless science

Allen D. Allen
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back to top Corrections
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Corrections

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Optical-fiber microcavities reach angstrom-scale precision

R. Mark Wilson
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Using heat and light to subtly vary the local radius and refractive index of a glass fiber is a simple and surprisingly reproducible way to create and tune a microresonator.

The Large Hadron Collider yields tantalizing hints of the Higgs boson

Bertram M. Schwarzschild
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There’s not yet enough data for a convincing sighting of standard particle theory’s long-sought capstone. But there’s less and less room for it to hide.

Multiple exciton generation enhances a working solar cell

Johanna L. Miller
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A single energetic photon can excite more than one electron in a nanocrystal. Collecting those electrons may be a path to higher photovoltaic efficiencies.
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Crevasses may make ice shelves more stable

Richard J. Fitzgerald
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A new suitor in the carbon-14 dating game

Steven K. Blau
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Tethered proteins speed up photosynthetic electron transfer

Jermey N. A. Matthews
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Ocean acidification and coral reefs

Stephen G. Benka
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Climate scientists not cowed by relentless climate change deniers

Toni Feder
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Groups that provide moral support, legal counsel, and swift rebuttals of misinformation are sprouting up.

Small business technology program gains new lease on life

David Kramer
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Six-year extension of grants act will give small companies a leg up in the scramble for increasingly scarce federal research dollars.

From cells to limbs, UK center studies war injuries

Toni Feder
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More people are surviving with worse injuries than ever before.

With 2012 budgets set, the outlook for R&D clouds up

David Kramer
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Official scientific integrity

Toni Feder
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Astronomy education and jobs

Toni Feder
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Quantum Physics for Poets

Robert March, Reviewer
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An Indispensable Truth: How Fusion Power Can Save the Planet

Robert Goldston, Reviewer
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Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction

Valerio Scarani, Reviewer
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Fractional Calculus: An Introduction for Physicists

Ralf Metzler, Reviewer
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New books

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Focus on bioinstrumentation and biotechnologies

Andreas Mandelis
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Norman Foster Ramsey Jr

Daniel Kleppner
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Radiation meets food

James S. Dickson
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It’s no secret that some people are wary of irradiated food. But radiation levels that effectively control pathogens have no demonstrated harmful effects on humans.
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Improving organic semiconductors

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