A Study for the Influence of Work Hardening on Bending Stiffness of Truss Core Panel
Sunao Tokura and Ichiro Hagiwara
Honeycomb panel is widely used as flooring or wall material in various structures, e.g., buildings, aircraft, flooring members of railway car, and so on, due to high stiffness and lightness at present. Honeycomb panel, however, has a disadvantage that the adhesive used to glue honeycomb core and top ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031010 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Actuated Bistable Jumping Structures
Matthew Santer
The design and analysis of a fully actuated adaptive bistable structure is presented. This structure releases energy at a high frequency, which in consequence causes it to jump. Such structures have application as the basis for multistable adaptive systems. The dynamic transition of the bistable str ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031009 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
A Theory Relating Creep and Relaxation for Linear Materials With Memory
R. C. Koeller
The purpose of this paper is to suggest a linear theory of materials with memory, which gives a description for the similarities resulting when the various analytical and experimental methods used to reduce the creep and relaxation data are imposed on the observational changes in curvature that take ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031008 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Optical transition dynamics in ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well structures with different well widths grown on ZnO substrates
Song-Mei Li, Bong-Joon Kwon, Ho-Sang Kwack, Li-Hua Jin, Yong-Hoon Cho et al.
We report the optical properties of ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well (MQW) structures with different well widths grown on ZnO substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show MQW emissions at 3.387 and 3.369 eV for the ZnO/ZnMgO MQW samples with well widths of 2 and 5 nm, res ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033513 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
The dual role of nitrogen as alloying and confining element in GaAs-based dilute nitride semiconductors
H. E. Porteanu, O. Loginenko, and F. Koch
We examine transport and relaxation dynamics of optically excited electrons in GaAs-based heterostructure layers, involving dilute nitrides in percent-level concentration range. Such heterostructures contain materials with very different mobilities. Drift instead of Hall mobility is determined using ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033714 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Hydrogen-doped InO transparent conducting oxide films prepared by solid-phase crystallization method
Takashi Koida, Michio Kondo, Koichi Tsutsumi, Akio Sakaguchi, Michio Suzuki et al.
We have characterized amorphous to crystalline transformation of hydrogen (H)-doped InO (InO:H) films by transmission electron microscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and Hall measurements. The InO:H films that show a mixed-phase structure embedded with small density ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033514 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Jump properties of the tip magnetic field of a notch in a melt-processes yttrium-barium-copper-oxide bulk
Xing-Yi Zhang, Jun Zhou, and You-He Zhou
We report on a direct measurement of the magnetic field properties at the tip of a notch in melt-processed YBaCuO bulks. In the case of the fixed notch angle, when the notch length increases and reaches a critical value, the tip magnetic field will increase and exceed the initial value of the sample ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 036102 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Electronic structure, phonons, and thermal properties of ScN, ZrN, and HfN: A first-principles study
Bivas Saha, Jagaran Acharya, Timothy D. Sands, and Umesh V. Waghmare
With a motivation to understand microscopic aspects of ScN, ZrN, and HfN relevant to the thermoelectric properties of nitride metal/semiconductor superlattices, we determine their electronic structure, vibrational spectra and thermal properties using first-principles calculations based on density fu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033715 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of optically driven nanoelectromechanical oscillators
B. Ilic, S. Krylov, and H. G. Craighead
The actuation of biologically functional micro- and nanomechanical structures using optical excitation is an emerging arena of research that couples the fields of optics, fluidics, electronics, and mechanics with potential for generating novel chemical and biological sensors. In our work, we fabrica ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034311 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Nanocrystalline diamond as an electronic material: An impedance spectroscopic and Hall effect measurement study
Mose Bevilacqua, Niall Tumilty, Chiranjib Mitra, Haitao Ye, Tatayana Feygelson et al.
Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has been grown using a nanodiamond seeding technique, leading to a dense form of this material, with grain sizes around 100 nm. The electrical properties of both intrinsic and lightly boron-doped NCD have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy and Hall effect me ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033716 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Controllable spin-polarized electrical transport in wide-band-gap oxide ferromagnetic semiconductors
Y. F. Tian, Shi-shen Yan, M. W. Zhao, Y. Y. Dai, Y. P. Zhang et al.
A family of wide-band-gap ternary oxide ferromagnetic semiconductor films with high transition metal concentration was prepared. The resistivity of these films can be changed up to four orders of magnitude by varying the composition or the concentration of the oxygen vacancies. Moreover, all these f ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033713 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Enhancement of Co substitution induced by Eu codoping in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconducting thin films
P. Photongkam, Y. B. Zhang, M. H. N. Assadi, S. Li, D. Yu et al.
To avoid the occurrence of doped magnetic ion clustering is a challenge in fabrication of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). In this work, we report the intrinsic ferromagnetic behavior in Co-doped ZnO DMSs induced by Eu codoping. Both structural parameters and magnetic properties demonstrate t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033909 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Localized sagittal modes of variable transverse and longitudinal components in one-dimensional phononic crystals
L. Castro-Arce, B. Manzanares-Martinez, and F. Ramos-Mendieta
In this paper, we study the polarization states of the localized sagittal modes in a solid/solid one-dimensional phononic crystal with a defect layer. We have found that the well defined polarization of these modes, either transverse or longitudinal, for propagation in the direction of periodicity i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033515 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Strain engineered segregation regimes for the fabrication of thin SiGe layers with abrupt n-type doping
I. Berbezier, J. P. Ayoub, A. Ronda, M. Oehme, K. Lyutovich et al.
We implement a low temperature (LT) growth technique for achieving abrupt n-type doping profiles in order to match the vertical scaling of modulation doped field effect transistor fully depleted structures. We use strain engineering of Ge rich SiGe layers at LTs to suppress dopant segregation and to ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034309 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Self-masking controlled by metallic seed layer during glass dry-etching for optically scattering surfaces
E. Hein, D. Fox, and H. Fouckhardt
During reactive ion etching in a high density Ar/CF plasma, nonvolatile halogen compounds are generated on the glass surface and act as statistically distributed micromasks. As a consequence surface roughness occurs, which can be used as additional surface functionality in certain classes of applica ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033301 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Bond-order potential for point and extended defect simulations in tungsten
T. Ahlgren, K. Heinola, N. Juslin, and A. Kuronen
A reactive interatomic bond-order potential for bcc tungsten is presented. Special attention in the potential development was given for obtaining accurate formation and migration energies for point defects, making the potential useful in atomic scale simulations of point and extended defects. The po ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033516 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Neodymium doping in UV-IR transparent ferroelectric BaMgF
E. G. Villora, P. Molina, S. Alvarez, J. V. Garcia-Santizo, M. O. Ramirez et al.
The incorporation of Nd in the ferroelectric fluoride BaMgF crystal is investigated for its potential application as self-frequency-converter solid state laser. Low temperature high-resolution optical spectroscopy shows that Nd is located at two well distinguished sites referred as A and B. The whol ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033106 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Temperature dependence of electric and dielectric behaviors of Ni/polyvinylidene fluoride composites
Hai-Ping Xu, Zhi-Min Dang, Nai-Ci Bing, Yi-Hua Wu, and Dan-Dan Yang
Composites of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filled with metallic particles of nickel (Ni) were prepared via a blending and hot-molding technique. Rescaled temperature dependence of electric and dielectric behaviors of Ni/PVDF composites were studied at wide content ranges. Results show that there i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034105 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Scanning tunneling microscopic analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se epitaxial layers
Marie A. Mayer, Laura B. Ruppalt, Damon Hebert, Joseph Lyding, and Angus A. Rockett
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements have been made on single-crystal epitaxial layers of CuInSe grown on GaAs substrates. Results were obtained for as-grown, air-exposed, and cleaned surfaces; in situ cleaved surfaces; surfaces sputtered and annealed in the STM system; and samples prepa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034906 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Ultrafast studies of carrier and magnetization dynamics in GaMnAs
J. P. Zahn, A. Gamouras, S. March, X. Liu, J. K. Furdyna et al.
We have investigated the carrier and magnetization dynamics in a GaMnAs structure with perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy using time-resolved pump probe techniques. Experiments were performed over two orders of magnitude variation in pump fluence, revealing an ultrafast demagnetization response that ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033908 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
First-principles study of alkali-atom doping in a series of zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes
Y. W. Wen, H. J. Liu, X. J. Tan, L. Pan, and J. Shi
First-principles calculations are performed to study the Li doping in a series of carbon nanotubes with different diameters and chiralities. It is found that the LiLi interaction inside or outside zigzag tubes is repulsive but strongly screened. Moreover, small diameter zigzag tubes are energeticall ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034312 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Constitutive modeling of intrinsic silicon monocrystals in easy glide
J. Cochard, I. Yonenaga, S. Gouttebroze, M. M'Hamdi, and Z. L. Zhang
Constitutive modeling of silicon materials is currently restricted to the very early stage of deformation. Uniaxial tensile testing of monocrystals oriented for single glide is traditionally simulated by a scalar model relying on the so-called machine equation. The present work uses a crystal plasti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033512 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Enhanced ultraviolet electroluminescence from ZnO nanowires in TiO/ZnO coaxial nanowires/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) heterojunction
Chun-Yu Lee, Jen-Yi Wang, Yi Chou, MengYueh Liu, Wei-Fang Su et al.
The ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescence (EL) from the TiO/ZnO coaxial nanowires (NWs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) inorganic/organic heterostructure devices is greatly enhanced and the defect emission is significantly suppressed compared with the uncoated ZnO NW device a ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034310 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Structural analysis of silicon carbon nitride films prepared by vapor transport-chemical vapor deposition
Y. Awad, M. A. El Khakani, M. Scarlete, C. Aktik, R. Smirani et al.
Amorphous silicon carbon nitride (a-SiCN:H) films were synthesized using vapor transport-chemical vapor deposition technique. Poly(dimethylsilane) was used as a single source for both Si and C. NH gas diluted in Ar is used as a source for nitrogen. The composition and bonding states are uniquely cha ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033517 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Fabrication of advanced La-incorporated Hf-silicate gate dielectrics using physical-vapor-deposition-based in situ method and its effective work function modulation of metal/high-k stacks
Hiroaki Arimura, Yudai Oku, Masayuki Saeki, Naomu Kitano, Takuji Hosoi et al.
Lanthanum (La) incorporation into Hf-silicate high-permittivity (high-k) gate dielectrics was conducted using a physical-vapor-deposition (PVD)-based in situ method. PVD-grown metal Hf, La, and HfLa alloys on base SiO oxides received in situ annealing to form high-quality HfLaSiO dielectrics, and su ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034104 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
The challenge of unity wall plug efficiency: The effects of internal heating on the efficiency of light emitting diodes
Oskari Heikkila, Jani Oksanen, and Jukka Tulkki
We develop a self-consistent model to describe the internal heating of high power light emitting diodes (LEDs) and use this model to simulate the operation of GaAsAlGaAs double heterostructure LEDs. We account for the heating by nonradiative recombination processes in the simulations and solve self- ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033105 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Deformable Mock Stenotic Artery With a Lipid Pool
V. Pazos, R. Mongrain, and J. C. Tardif
The comparison, evaluation, and optimization of new techniques, models, or algorithms often require the use of realistic deformable test phantoms. The purpose of this paper is to present a multilayer deformable test specimen mimicking an atherosclerotic coronary artery, suitable for mechanical testi ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 034501 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Mixed Experimental and Numerical Approach for Characterizing the Biomechanical Response of the Human Leg Under Elastic Compression
Stephane Avril, Laura Bouten, Laura Dubuis, Sylvain Drapier, and Jean-Francois Pouget
Elastic compression is the process of applying an elastic garment around the leg, supposedly for enhancing the venous flow. However, the response of internal tissues to the external pressure is still partially unknown. In order to improve the scientific knowledge about this topic, a slice of a human ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 031006 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Visualizing Flow Partitioning in a Model of the Upper Human Lung Airways
K. Bauer, H. Chaves, and Ch. Brucker
The convective transport of fluid within the human upper airways is investigated in a transparent model of the tracheobronchial tree. Oscillatory flow through the branching network with six generations was studied at varying Reynolds numbers between 400 and 2600 and Womersley numbers from 5.5 to 12. ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 031005 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Design of stereoscopic viewing system based on a compact mirror and dual monitor
Hsien-Huang P. Wu and Shih-Hsin Chang
Stereoscopic technologies continue to accelerate the adoption of 3-D in both professional and consumer applications. Stereo 3-D displays have the potential to benefit geospatial intelligence, complex visualization, pharmaceutical development, petroleum exploration, medicine, entertainment, architect ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 027401 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Efficient processing of optimally truncated JPEG2000 imagery
Eric J. Balster and William F. Turri
Although optimal truncation of JPEG2000 compressed imagery provides an image of the highest quality per bit rate in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, the algorithm is highly computationally inefficient because of the removal of compressed image sections that have been previously calculated. The p ... [Opt. Eng. 49, 027001 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
2009 in Review
Ronald G. Driggers
Abstract not available. [Opt. Eng. 49, 020101 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Lithographic qualification of new opaque MoSi binary mask blank for the 32-nm node and beyond
Greg McIntyre, Michael Hibbs, Jaione Tirapu-Azpiroz, Geng Han, Scott Halle et al.
We discuss the lithographic qualification of a new type of binary mask blank consisting of an opaque layer of MoSi on a glass substrate, referred to simply as OMOG. First, OMOG lithographic performance will be compared to a previous chrome/MoSi/glass binary intensity mask (BIM) blank. Standard 70-nm ... [J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS 9, 013010 (2010)] published Mon Feb 8, 2010.
Strain sensing with submicron AlAlOAl tunnel junctions
P. J. Koppinen, J. T. Lievonen, M. Ahlskog, and I. J. Maasilta
We demonstrate a local strain sensing method for nanostructures based on metallic Al tunnel junctions with AlO barriers. The junctions were fabricated on top of a thin silicon nitride membrane, which was actuated with an atomic force microscope tip attached to a stiff cantilever. A large relative ch ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023901 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Three-dimensional simulations of ion dynamics in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source
J. P. M. Beijers and V. Mironov
We present a three-dimensional simulation of the ion dynamics in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Ion trajectories in the min-B field of the source are calculated taking ion-ion and electron-ion collisions into account. The electrons are not tracked but considered as a neutralizing backgr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A307 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Synchronous measurement of even and odd order intermodulation distortion at the resonant frequency of a superconducting resonator
Evan K. Pease, Bradley J. Dober, and S. K. Remillard
A method has been developed that uses three input tones to measure both even and odd order intermodulation distortions (IMDs) inside the pass band of resonant devices. With this technique the surface current density of both the driving signal and the IMD tones can be quantified. Synchronous, or same ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024701 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Simulations of negative ion plasma sheaths
M. Cavenago
The need to accurately model beams of negative ions in high current sources makes reasonable to refine the simulation mesh up to fractions of the Debye length lambda, which is typically 0.01 mm. Even if simulations were finally possible in two space dimensions, still the role of one-dimensional (1D) ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B501 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Measurement of radial and axial high energy x-ray spectra in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasmas
J. Noland, J. Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, C. Lyneis, and J. Verboncoeur
Radial and axial x-ray measurements of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources operating at microwave frequencies of 6.4 and 14 GHz are presented. Results indicate a greater detected photon energy in the radial direction than the axial direction for both the 6.4 GHz source and the 14 GHz source. It ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A308 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Self-heated hollow cathode discharge system for charged particle sources and plasma generators
V. I. Gushenets, A. S. Bugaev, E. M. Oks, P. M. Schanin, and A. A. Goncharov
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of a new design of discharge system using a self-heated hollow cathode. The discharge system offers certain advantages that are attractive for use in high-dose ion implantation, plasma generators, and plasma electron sources. ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B305 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Generation of multicomponent ion beams by a vacuum arc ion source with compound cathode
K. P. Savkin, Yu. G. Yushkov, A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks, and G. Yu. Yushkov
This paper presents the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry studies of the elemental and mass-to-charge state compositions of metal ion beams produced by a vacuum arc ion source with compound cathode (WCCo, CuCr, TiCu). We found that the ion beam composition agrees well with the stoichiometr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A501 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Bio-Nano ECRIS: An electron cyclotron resonance ion source for new materials production
T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, K. Tanaka, M. Muramatsu, T. Asaji et al.
We developed an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for new materials production on nanoscale. Our main target is the endohedral fullerenes, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast ma ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A306 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A tandem-based compact dual-energy gamma generator
A. Persaud, J. W. Kwan, M. Leitner, K.-N. Leung, B. Ludewigt et al.
A dual-energy tandem-type gamma generator has been developed at E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. The tandem accelerator geometry allows higher energy nuclear reactions to be reached, thereby allowing more flexible generation of MeV-energy gammas for activ ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B904 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Development of a laser-focused ion beam combination machine
Y. Yoshida, T. Masuzawa, H. Ikeda, K. Oguchi, H. Yamagishi et al.
We have developed a laser and focused ion beam (FIB) compound system to process an optical component device with an ultrafine precision minute surface structure and a micromedical device. This machine consists of an FIB and three types of lasers with an atomic force microscope. This system can fabri ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B702 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
The NSCL electron beam ion trap for the reacceleration of rare isotopes coming to life: First extraction tests with a high-current electron gun
S. Schwarz, G. Bollen, M. Johnson, O. Kester, M. Kostin et al.
NSCL is currently constructing the ReA3 reaccelerator, which will accelerate rare isotopes obtained from gas stopping of fast-fragment beams to energies of up to 3 MeV/u for uranium and higher for lighter ions. A high-current charge breeder, based on an electron beam ion trap (EBIT), has been chosen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A503 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A dual-beam photothermal reflection based system for thermal diffusivity measurement of optically dense liquids
Blanca Jaimes, Dervin Pulgar, Maria Antonieta Ranaudo, Jose Chirinos, and Manuel Caetano
A dual-beam photothermal reflection based system capable to measure thermal diffusivities of optically dense liquids has been designed and implemented. The large optical absorption coefficient of these liquids inhibits the possibility to use conventional transmission instruments for direct thermal d ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024902 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
IBSIMU: A three-dimensional simulation software for charged particle optics
T. Kalvas, O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen, O. Steczkiewicz, J. Arje et al.
A general-purpose three-dimensional (3D) simulation code IBSIMU for charged particle optics with space charge is under development at JYFL. The code was originally developed for designing a slit-beam plasma extraction and nanosecond scale chopping for pulsed neutron generator, but has been developed ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B703 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Boron ion source based on planar magnetron discharge in self-sputtering mode
V. I. Gushenets, A. Hershcovitch, T. V. Kulevoy, E. M. Oks, K. P. Savkin et al.
An ion source based on a planar magnetron sputtering device with thermally isolated target has been designed and demonstrated. For a boron sputtering target, high target temperature is required because boron has low electrical conductivity at room temperature, increasing with temperature. The target ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B303 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A compact multipurpose nanomanipulator for use inside a scanning electron microscope
E. C. Heeres, A. J. Katan, M. H. van Es, A. F. Beker, M. Hesselberth et al.
A compact, two-stage nanomanipulator was designed and built for use inside a scanning electron microscope. It consists of a fine stage employing piezostacks that provide a 15 [mu]m range in three dimensions and a coarse stage based on commercially available stick-slip motors. Besides the fabricatio ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023704 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Note: Lateral force microscope calibration using multiple location pivot loading of rectangular cantilevers
Koo-Hyun Chung and Mark G. Reitsma
This note outlines a calibration method for atomic force microscope friction measurement that uses the pivot method of [Bogdanovic et al., Colloids Surf. B 19, 397 (2000)] to generate optical lever sensitivities for known torque applied to rectangular cantilevers. We demonstrate the key calibration ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026104 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
X-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer
Shunji Kitamoto, Hiroshi Murakami, Youich Shishido, Norimitsu Gotoh, Takuma Shibata et al.
We fabricated a novel x-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer and measured its performance with synchrotron radiation. A self standing multilayer with seven Mo/Si bilayers was installed with an incident angle of 45 degrees in front of a back-illuminated CCD. The multilayer can be rotated a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023105 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Sources of polyatomic ions of organic liquids
G. H. Takaoka, M. Takeuchi, and H. Ryuto
We have developed two types of liquid ion sources, one of which was a polyatomic ion source using liquid organic materials with a high-vapor pressure. Liquid materials such as octane and ethanol could be heated up to a maximum temperature of 100 degrees C, and the vapors were introduced into an ion ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B302 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
ITEP MEVVA ion beam for rhenium silicide production
T. Kulevoy, N. Gerasimenko, D. Seleznev, G. Kropachev, A. Kozlov et al.
The rhenium silicides are very attractive materials for semiconductor industry. In the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) at the ion source test bench the research program of rhenium silicide production by ion beam implantation are going on. The investigation of silicon wafer ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B905 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Gridless, very low energy, high-current, gaseous ion source
A. V. Vizir, M. V. Shandrikov, G. Yu. Yushkov, and E. M. Oks
We have made and tested a very low energy gaseous ion source in which the plasma is established by a gaseous discharge with electron injection in an axially diverging magnetic field. A constricted arc with hidden cathode spot is used as the electron emitter (first stage of the discharge). The electr ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B307 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Laser ion source: A direct plasma injection scheme for two-beam type interdigital-H radio frequency quadrupole linac
T. Ishibashi, N. Hayashizaki, J. Tamura, K. Oka, Y. Shimaya et al.
We developed a laser ion source using a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) as an injection system for a two-beam type radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac with an interdigital-H (IH) type cavity. The laser ion source in the DPIS is directly connected to the RFQ cavity without the low energy bea ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A502 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A self-sputtering ion source: A new approach to quiescent metal ion beams
Efim Oks and Andre Anders
A new metal ion source is presented based on sustained self-sputtering plasma in a magnetron discharge. Metals exhibiting high self-sputtering yield such as Cu, Ag, Zn, and Bi can be used in a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge such that the plasma almost exclusively contains singly c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B306 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Broad-beam high-current dc ion source based on a two-stage glow discharge plasma
A. V. Vizir, E. M. Oks, and G. Yu. Yushkov
We have designed, made, and demonstrated a broad-beam, dc, ion source based on a two-stage, hollow-cathode, and glow discharges plasma. The first-stage discharge (auxiliary discharge) produces electrons that are injected into the cathode cavity of a second-stage discharge (main discharge). The elect ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B304 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Glow plasma trigger for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources
A. V. Vodopianov, S. V. Golubev, I. V. Izotov, A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks et al.
Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) are particularly useful for nuclear, atomic, and high energy physics, as unique high current generators of multicharged ion beams. Plasmas of gas discharges in an open magnetic trap heated by pulsed (100 [mu]s and longer) high power (100 kW and high ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A305 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Study on transport of negative ion plasma using dc laser photodetachment method
S. Shimamoto, T. Kasuya, Y. Kimura, N. Miyamoto, Y. Matsumoto et al.
Transport of negative ion containing plasma was studied in a hydrogen plasma by injecting a semiconductor laser to make an electron density perturbation by photodetachment of negative ions. Change due to laser irradiation on electron saturation current to a Langmuir probe and that on electron curren ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A704 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Laser-plasma debris from a rotating cryogenicsolid-Xe target
Sho Amano, Yutaka Inaoka, Hiroki Hiraishi, Shuji Miyamoto, and Takayasu Mochizuki
We investigate the characteristics of laser plasma debris that is responsible for damaging optics. The debris is composed of fast ions, neutral particles, and fragments, and originates from a solid Xe target on a rotating drum that we developed as an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source. The ice fragmen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023104 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Electrical properties of ZnO nanowire field effect transistors with varying high-k AlO dielectric thickness
Minhyeok Choe, Gunho Jo, Jongsun Maeng, Woong-Ki Hong, Minseok Jo et al.
We investigated the electronic properties of ZnO nanowire combined with the scaled high-k AlO dielectrics using metal-oxide-semiconductor and field effect transistor (FET) device structures. We found that AlO dielectric material can significantly reduce leakage currents when the applied voltage was ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034504 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Design considerations for surface plasmon resonance based detection of human blood group in near infrared
Anuj K. Sharma, Rajan Jha, and Himansu S. Pattanaik
Surface plasmon resonance based sensor for detection of different human blood groups in near infrared region is proposed. The plasmonic structure is based on fused silica or chalcogenide sulfide glass GeGaSbS, commonly known as 2S2G. Experimental results describing the wavelength-dependent refractiv ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034701 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Cloaking a metal object from an electromagnetic pulse: A comparison between various cloaking techniques
Pekka Alitalo, Henrik Kettunen, and Sergei Tretyakov
Electromagnetic cloaks are devices that can be used to reduce the total scattering cross section of various objects. An ideal cloak removes all scattering from an object and thus makes this object invisible to the electromagnetic fields that impinge on the object. However, ideal cloaking appears to ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034905 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Scaling consideration and compact model of electron scattering enhancement due to acoustic phonon modulation in an ultrafine free-standing cylindrical semiconductor nanowire
Junichi Hattori, Shigeyasu Uno, Kazuo Nakazato, and Nobuya Mori
We theoretically investigate the interaction between modulated acoustic phonons and electrons in a free-standing cylindrical semiconductor nanowire and calculate the electron mobility limited by modulated acoustic phonons in a [001]-oriented silicon nanowire (SiNW) at room temperature. The mobility ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033712 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Spectroscopic aspects of front transparent conductive films for a-Si thin film solar cells
Qi Hua Fan, Changyong Chen, Xianbo Liao, Xianbi Xiang, Xinmin Cao et al.
This work demonstrates a method to optimize the indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films as front transparent electrode to maximize the efficiency of substrate type amorphous silicon (a-Si) based thin film solar cells. It shows that the total light intensity absorbed by the a-Si layer can be predicted by c ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034505 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Influence of freely diffusing excitons on the photoluminescence spectrum of Si thick films with depth distribution of strain
Dong Wang, Haigui Yang, Tokuhide Kitamura, and Hiroshi Nakashima
We present an interpretation of photoluminescence (PL) for relatively thick Si films (200300 nm) with depth distribution of strain, in which freely diffusing excitons influence the PL signal that originates from layers with different strain conditions. Micro-PL was excited by a 325 nm laser at 8.5 K ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033511 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Reduced photocurrent lag using unipolar solid-state photoconductive detector structures: Application to stabilized n-i-p amorphous selenium
A. H. Goldan, O. Tousignant, L. Laperriere, and K. S. Karim
Memory effects in direct detection solid-state photoconductors are attributed to interrupted charge transport by traps in the bulk and result in persistent photocurrent lag and ghosting. The identified sources for image lag following the cessation of x-ray exposure are the inhomogeneous electric fie ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053507 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Gyrotropic photonic crystal waveguide switches
Z. Wu, Miguel Levy, V. J. Fratello, and A. M. Merzlikin
Functional photonic crystals fabricated in iron garnet films are shown to provide magnetically-controllable optical switching. Transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic stop band separation in conjunction with optical gyrotropy are utilized to selectively block and transmit near-infrared light in ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051125 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Herringbone buckling patterns of anisotropic thin films on elastomeric substrates
J. Song
Highly ordered herringbone buckling patterns have been observed in stiff thin films on elastomeric substrates under an equibiaxial compression. Existing mechanics models assume the thin film to be isotropic, which does not agree with recent experiments of single crystal thin films (e.g., silicon) on ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051913 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
High-efficiency, large-bandwidth silicon-on-insulator grating coupler based on a fully-etched photonic crystal structure
Liu Liu (刘柳), Minhao Pu (蒲敏皓), Kresten Yvind, and Jorn M. Hvam
A grating coupler for interfacing between single-mode fibers and photonic circuits on silicon-on-insulator is demonstrated. It consists of columns of fully etched photonic crystal holes, which are made in the same lithography and etching processes used for making the silicon-on-insulator wire wavegu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051126 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Structural and compositional dependence of gadolinium-aluminum oxide for the application of charge-trap-type nonvolatile memory devices
Youngmin Park, Jong Kyung Park, Myeong Ho Song, Sung Kyu Lim, Jae Sub Oh et al.
The structural and compositional dependence of gadolinium-aluminum oxide (GdAlO) for application to nonvolatile memory is investigated. An addition of Gd into AlO reduces the leakage current, which improves the erase window. The GdAlO film crystallizes into many different phases after annealing depe ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052907 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Interface induced band gap reduction and electron transfer in semiconducting carbon nanotube
M. Zubaer Hossain
Ab initio study of a carbon nanotube-SiO interface reveals that the energetic preference for the nanotube to bind on particular sites on the O-terminated surface differs substantially from that on the Si-terminated surface. Besides, the chemical reactivity at the interface leads to electron-transfer ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053118 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Low-voltage indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors on paper substrates
Wantae Lim, E. A. Douglas, D. P. Norton, S. J. Pearton, F. Ren et al.
We have fabricated bottom-gate amorphous (alpha-) indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (InGaZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs) on both paper and glass substrates at low processing temperature (<=100 degrees C). As a water and solvent barrier layer, cyclotene (BCB 302235 from Dow Chemical) was spin-coated on th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053510 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Hot electron transport and impact ionization in the narrow energy gap InAsN alloy
O. Makarovsky, W. H. M. Feu, A. Patane, L. Eaves, Q. D. Zhuang et al.
We report an experimental study of hot electron dynamics in the narrow band gap dilute nitride alloy, InAsN, with x up to 0.6%. The sharp increase in the conductivity of n-type InAsN at applied electric fields above 1 kV/cm demonstrates that impact ionization dominates the hot electron dynamics. Thi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052115 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Negative differential resistance and rectifying behaviors in phenalenyl molecular device with different contact geometries
Zhi-Qiang Fan and Ke-Qiu Chen
The electronic transport properties in phenalenyl molecular device are studied by using nonequilibrium Green's functions in combination with the density-functional theory. The results show that the electronic transport properties are strongly dependent on the contact geometry. The negative different ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053509 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
The influence of Fermi level pinning/depinning on the Schottky barrier height and contact resistance in Ge/CoFeB and Ge/MgO/CoFeB structures
Donkoun Lee, Shyam Raghunathan, Robert J. Wilson, Dmitri E. Nikonov, Krishna Saraswat et al.
We demonstrated that an ultrathin MgO layer between CoFeB and Ge modulated the Schottky barrier heights and contact resistances of spin diodes. We confirmed that, surprisingly, an insulating MgO layer significantly decreased the Schottky barrier heights and contact resistances of spin diodes on N+Ge ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052514 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Multiferroic heterostructure fringe field tuning of meander line microstrip ferrite phase shifter
A. L. Geiler, S. M. Gillette, Y. Chen, J. Wang, Z. Chen et al.
Magnetic fringe fields emanating from a multiferroic heterostructure composite of Terfenol-D and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate were utilized to actively tune a meander line microstrip ferrite phase shifter operating above ferrimagnetic resonance at C-band. Differential phase shifts of 65 degr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053508 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Spatial distribution of two-dimensional electron gas in a ZnO/MgZnO heterostructure probed with a conducting polymer Schottky contact
M. Nakano, A. Tsukazaki, K. Ueno, R. Y. Gunji, A. Ohtomo et al.
A ZnO/MgZnO heterostructure was characterized at T=2 K through capacitance measurements with using a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as a Schottky contact. The Nyquist diagram, which is the trajectory curve of the complex impedance vector, ap ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052116 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Surface changes on AlH during the hydrogen desorption
Shunsuke Kato, Michael Bielmann, Kazutaka Ikeda, Shin-ichi Orimo, Andreas Borgschulte et al.
Surface change of alpha-AlH during the hydrogen desorption was investigated by means of in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with thermal desorption spectroscopy. The surface of AlH covered by an oxide layer significantly changes upon hydrogen desorption and the hydrogen desorption rate ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051912 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Negative differential resistance in GaN nanowire network
M. Dragoman, G. Konstantinidis, A. Cismaru, D. Vasilache, A. Dinescu et al.
Negative differential resistance of gallium nitride nanowire networks deposited on an interdigitated electrode configuration patterned on a silicon dioxide/high resistivity Si substrate is experimentally demonstrated at room temperature. This effect is attributed to tunnelling between crossed galliu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053116 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Ultrafast nanotube based diffusiophoresis nanomotors
Wei Liu, Rongxiang He, Hongwei Zhu, Hao Hu, Meiya Li et al.
Nanomotors represent a significant step forward in nanotechnology, and prove that nanotubes and other nanostructures several hundred times smaller than the diameter of a human hair can be manipulated and assembled into true devices. In this letter, nanotubes based nanomotors are reported. The nanomo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053114 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Contactless photoconductivity measurements on (Si) nanowires
A. D. Chepelianskii, F. Chiodi, M. Ferrier, S. Gueron, E. Rouviere et al.
Conducting nanowires possess remarkable physical properties unattainable in bulk materials. However our understanding of their transport properties is limited by the difficulty of connecting them electrically. In this letter we investigate phototransport in both bulk silicon and silicon nanowires us ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052118 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
The absorption spectrum of hydrogenated silicon carbide nanocrystals from ab initio calculations
Marton Voros, Peter Deak, Thomas Frauenheim, and Adam Gali
The electronic structure and absorption spectrum of hydrogenated silicon carbide nanocrystals (SiC NCs) have been determined by first principles calculations. We show that the reconstructed surface can significantly change not just the onset of absorption but the shape of the spectrum at higher ener ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051909 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A simple strategy to realize biomimetic surfaces with controlled anisotropic wetting
Dong Wu, Qi-Dai Chen, Jia Yao, Yong-Chao Guan, Jian-Nan Wang et al.
The study of anisotropic wetting has become one of the most important research areas in biomimicry. However, realization of controlled anisotropic surfaces remains challenging. Here we investigated anisotropic wetting on grooves with different linewidth, period, and height fabricated by laser interf ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053704 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
A translational nanoactuator based on carbon nanoscrolls on substrates
Xinghua Shi, Yuan Cheng, Nicola M. Pugno, and Huajian Gao
Inspired by recent experimental studies on the fabrication of carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) on solid substrates, we perform theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the translational rolling/unrolling of a CNS on rigid substrate. We show that a substrate-supported CNS can be c ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053115 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Evidence of substrate induced charge order quenching, insulator metal transition, and colossal magnetoresistance in polycrystalline PrCaMnO thin films
Vasudha Agarwal, R. Prasad, M. P. Singh, P. K. Siwach, Amit Srivastava et al.
We report the magnetoelectrical properties of polycrystalline PrCaMnO thin films (thickness~300 nm) deposited on single crystal LaAlO (LAO) and SrTiO (STO) substrates. The films on LAO show charge ordering (CO) at T[approximate]240 K, with a metamagnetic ground state akin to the cluster glass (CG) ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052512 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Demonstration of an air-slot mode-gap confined photonic crystal slab nanocavity with ultrasmall mode volumes
Jie Gao, James F. McMillan, Ming-Chung Wu, Jiangjun Zheng, Solomon Assefa et al.
We demonstrate experimentally an air-slot mode-gap photonic crystal cavity with quality factor of 10 and modal volume of 0.02 cubic wavelengths, based on the design of an air-slot in a width-modulated line-defect in a photonic crystal slab. The origin of the high Q air-slot cavity mode is the mode-g ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051123 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Calibrating the single-wall carbon nanotube resonance Raman intensity by high resolution transmission electron microscopy for a spectroscopy-based diameter distribution determination
P. B. C. Pesce, P. T. Araujo, P. Nikolaev, S. K. Doorn, K. Hata et al.
We study a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) sample grown by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition with both resonance Raman scattering (RRS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements of 395 SWNTs determined the diameter d ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051910 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction
Yong-Won Song, Sung-Yeon Jang, Won-Suk Han, and Mi-Kyung Bae
Employing graphene as an intracavity passive power modulating element, we demonstrate the efficient laser pulsation in high pulse-energy regime with evanescent field interaction between the propagating light and graphene layer. Graphene is prepared by the solution based reduction of graphene oxide, ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051122 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution
O. Hellwig, J. K. Bosworth, E. Dobisz, D. Kercher, T. Hauet et al.
Electron-beam (E-beam) directed assembly, which combines the long-range phase and placement registration of e-beam lithography with the sharp dot size and spacing uniformity of block copolymer self assembly, is considered highly promising for fabricating templates that meet the tight magnetic specif ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052511 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Selection and transfer of individual plasmon-resonant metal nanoparticles
Yoshito Tanaka and Keiji Sasaki
We present a simple method for selecting a single metal nanoparticle with desired localized surface plasmon (LSP) characteristics from particle ensembles on one surface and then transferring it to another surface. The LSP of individual nanoparticles is characterized using a microspectroscopy system. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053117 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Mixed conduction and chemical diffusion in a Pb(Zr,Ti)O buried capacitor structure
Niall J. Donnelly and Clive A. Randall
Impedance spectroscopy is performed on a buried capacitor structure composed of a PZT-0.75% Nb ceramic with platinum electrodes. The ionic and electronic conductivities (sigma,sigma) are extracted from the impedance spectra using an equivalent circuit based on the premise of mixed conduction. In the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052906 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Reduced initial degradation of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells by incorporation of stacked fullerene and lithium fluoride interlayers
Kenji Kawano and Chihaya Adachi
Reduced initial degradation of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) was achieved by inclusion of stacked fullerene (C) and lithium fluoride interlayers. By inserting a 3 nm C layer and a 0.5 nm LiF layer between the photoactive layer and Al cathode in an OSC, the device lifetime calculated ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053307 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Electron cyclotron effective mass in indium nitride
Michel Goiran, Marius Millot, Jean-Marie Poumirol, Iulian Gherasoiu, Wladek Walukiewicz et al.
We report on cyclotron effective mass measurement in indium nitride epilayers grown on c-sapphire, using the thermal damping of Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillations obtained in the temperature range 270 K and under magnetic field up to 60 T. We unravel an isotropic electron cyclotron effective mass equal ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052117 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Designed synthesis of materials for high-sensitivity geomagnetic sensors
L. Ding, J. Teng, X. C. Wang, C. Feng, Y. Jiang et al.
A structure of Ta/MgO/NiFe/MgO/Ta was designed and synthesized, which combines the advantages of both tunnel magnetoresistance materials with high magnetic field sensitivity and anisotropic magnetoresistance materials with high directional sensitivity. The magnetoresistance ratio in the device with ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052515 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Enhanced optical power and low forward voltage of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with Ga-doped ZnO transparent conducting layer
Tae-Young Park, Yong-Seok Choi, Jang-Won Kang, Jae-Ho Jeong, Seong-Ju Park et al.
Ga-doped ZnO (ZnO:Ga) films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition as transparent conducting layers for GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The forward voltage of LEDs with ZnO:Ga was 3.3 V at 20 mA. The low forward voltage was attributed to the removal of a resistive ZnGaO phase, decrea ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051124 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Fast thermally assisted switching at low current density in (Ga,Mn)As magnetic tunnel junctions
Zhen Li, Liesbet Lagae, Gustaaf Borghs, Robert Mertens, and Willem Van Roy
(Ga,Mn)As based magnetic tunnel junctions have potential advantages compared to metal based junctions. In magnetic memory applications, spin-torque switching is the main approach to write information. In addition to the spin-torque effect, the current through the junction also increases the temperat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052513 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Transport in organic semiconductors in large electric fields: From thermal activation to field emission
J. H. Worne, J. E. Anthony, and D. Natelson
Understanding charge transport in organic semiconductors in large electric fields is relevant to many applications. We present transport measurements in organic field-effect transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene with short channels, from ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053308 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
In situ synchrotron x-ray studies of strain and composition evolution during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of InGaN
M.-I. Richard, M. J. Highland, T. T. Fister, A. Munkholm, J. Mei et al.
Composition and strain inhomogeneities strongly affect the optoelectronic properties of InGaN but their origin has been unclear. Here we report real-time x-ray reciprocal space mapping that reveals the development of strain and composition distributions during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051911 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Cross-sectional magnetic force microscopy of MnAs/GaAs(001)
B. Rache Salles, M. Marangolo, C. David, and J. C. Girard
We investigate the magnetic domain structure and stray field of MnAs/GaAs(001) thin films by magnetic force microscopy of the growth surface and of cleavage edges. The strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of MnAs makes the magnetic properties very similar to those of a rectangular bar magnet with con ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052510 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Facile fabrication and biological application of tin-rich indium tin oxide nanorods
Nitin Kumar, Omkar Parajuli, Man Feng, Jian Xu, and Jong-in Hahm
We demonstrate that one-dimensional indium tin oxide nanorods (ITO NRs) with high tin-incorporation ratio can be readily produced with a very good control over size and morphology using a gas-phase synthetic approach. Our current study presents a straightforward and facile growth route to synthesize ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053705 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Space charge limited electron emission from a Cu surface under ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation
W. Wendelen, D. Autrique, and A. Bogaerts
In this theoretical study, the electron emission from a copper surface under ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation is investigated using a one-dimensional particle in cell model. Thermionic emission as well as multiphoton photoelectron emission were taken into account. The emitted electrons create a n ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051121 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Measurement of CMP Slurry Abrasive Size Distribution by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer
Hojoong Kim, Ji Chul Yang, and Taesung Kim
This article introduces an abrasive particle size measurement by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to measure precise size distribution in the nanoregime. Static light scattering (SLS), which is a conventional method, is compared with the SMPS-based technique. Both measurement techniques dif ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, H137 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Amorphization of Si(100) by Ar-ion bombardment studied with spectroscopic and time-resolved second-harmonic generation
P. M. Gevers, J. J. H. Gielis, H. C. W. Beijerinck, M. C. M. van de Sanden, and W. M. M. Kessels
The surface and interface sensitive technique of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) has been applied spectroscopically and time-resolved before, during, and after low energy (701000 eV) Ar-ion bombardment of H-terminated Si(100). The photon energy range of the fundamental radiation was [h-bar] ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 293 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Surface-charging effect of capacitively coupled plasmas driven by combined dc/rf sources
Quan-Zhi Zhang, Wei Jiang, Shu-Xia Zhao, and You-Nian Wang
The surface charging effect in hybrid dc/rf capacitively coupled plasmas is investigated by particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulations with an equivalent-circuit module. When the thickness of the dielectric is fixed, the self-bias dc voltage induced by the charge accumulated in the dielectric first in ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 287 (2010)] published Fri Feb 5, 2010.
Simulation of charge breeding of rubidium using Monte Carlo charge breeding code and generalized ECRIS model
L. Zhao, B. Cluggish, J. S. Kim, R. Pardo, and R. Vondrasek
A Monte Carlo charge breeding code (MCBC) is being developed by FAR-TECH, Inc. to model the capture and charge breeding of 1+ ion beam in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) device. The ECRIS plasma is simulated using the generalized ECRIS model which has two choices of boundary setti ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A304 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
A multichamber system for analyzing the outgassing, deposition, and associated optical degradation properties of materials in a vacuum
Jack Singal, Rafe Schindler, Chihway Chang, Patrick Czodrowski, and Peter Kim
We report on the camera materials test chamber, a multivessel apparatus that analyzes the outgassing consequences of candidate materials for use in the vacuum cryostat of a new telescope camera. The system measures the outgassing products and rates of samples of materials at different temperatures a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 025101 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Simulation of parameter scaling in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasmas using the GEM code
B. Cluggish, L. Zhao, and J. S. Kim
Although heating power and gas pressure are two of the two of primary experimental knobs available to users of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, there is still no clear understanding of how they interact in order to provide optimal plasma conditions. FAR-TECH, Inc. has performed a series of ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A301 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
3D modeling of the electron energy distribution function in negative hydrogen ion sources
R. Terasaki, I. Fujino, A. Hatayama, T. Mizuno, and T. Inoue
For optimization and accurate prediction of the amount of H-ion production in negative ion sources, analysis of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is necessary. We are developing a numerical code which analyzes EEDF in the tandem-type arc-discharge source. It is a three-dimensional Monte C ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A703 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
The effect of rf pulse pattern on bremsstrahlung and ion current time evolution of an ECRIS
T. Ropponen, O. Tarvainen, V. Toivanen, P. Peura, P. Jones et al.
Time-resolved helium ion production and bremsstrahlung emission from JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS is presented with different radio frequency pulse lengths. rf on times are varied from 5 to 50 ms and rf off times from 10 to 1000 ms between different measurement sets. It is observed that the plasma breakdown oc ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A302 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Multichannel, time-resolved picosecond laser ultrasound imaging and spectroscopy with custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor detector
Richard J. Smith, Roger A. Light, Steve D. Sharples, Nicholas S. Johnston, Mark C. Pitter et al.
This paper presents a multichannel, time-resolved picosecond laser ultrasound system that uses a custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor linear array detector. This novel sensor allows parallel phase-sensitive detection of very low contrast modulated signals with performance in each channel c ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 024901 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Influence of H velocity on H extraction probability from a negative ion source
Y. Matsumoto, M. Nishiura, K. Shinto, H. Yamaoka, M. Sasao et al.
We investigate influence of H initial transport direction and kinetic energy on H extraction probability with three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation. As a result, lower energy H ions are strongly trapped by the electrical potential structure, so that initial condition of H transport direction is ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B701 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Characteristics of liquid cluster ion beam for surface treatment
H. Ryuto, R. Ozaki, Y. Kubo, M. Takeuchi, and G. H. Takaoka
A liquid cluster ion source, which is an ion source for the cluster beams produced with liquid materials, has been developed for the surface treatment of solid materials. The electrodes were designed for increasing the cluster beam intensity by a computer simulation of beam trajectories. The peaks o ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B902 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Carborane beam from ITEP Bernas ion source for semiconductor implanters
D. Seleznev, G. Kropachev, A. Kozlov, R. Kuibeda, V. Koshelev et al.
A joint research and development of steady state intense boron ion sources for hundreds of electron-volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past 5 years. The difficulties of extraction and transportation of low energy boron beams can be solved by implanting clusters of boron atoms. In Insti ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B901 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Note: Construction of x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption fine structure beamline at the Pohang Light Source
Ik-Jae Lee, Chung-Jong Yu, Young-Duck Yun, Chae-Soon Lee, In Deuk Seo et al.
A new hard x-ray beamline, 10B KIST-PAL beamline (BL10B), has been designed and constructed at the Pohang Light Source (PLS) in Korea. The beamline, operated by Pohang Accelerator Laboratory-Korean Institute of Science and Technology consortium, is dedicated to x-ray scattering (XRS) and x-ray absor ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 026103 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Enhanced surface production in H ion sources by introducing a negatively biased secondary electrode
YoungHwa An, BongKi Jung, and Y. S. Hwang
A transformer coupled plasma negative hydrogen ion source with an external rf antenna has been developed at SNU, which is capable of continuous operation with long lifetime. A positively biased plasma electrode (PE) has been successfully used for the optimization of H extraction. With molybdenum-coa ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A702 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Two-stage plasma gun based on a gas discharge with a self-heating hollow emitter
A. V. Vizir, A. V. Tyunkov, M. V. Shandrikov, and E. M. Oks
The paper presents the results of tests of a new compact two-stage bulk gas plasma gun. The plasma gun is based on a nonself-sustained gas discharge with an electron emitter based on a discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode. The operating characteristics of the plasma gun are investigated. The ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B903 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
A high-current light-ion injector for tandem accelerators
G. W. W. Quax, A. Gottdang, and D. J. W. Mous
A dual-source injector for tandem accelerators to produce negative ion currents of H, D, and He has been developed and built. The system consists of a central vacuum enclosure that accommodates two multicusp ion sources. Beam currents of several mA of H and D have been obtained by direct negative ex ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A701 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
The role of seed electrons on the plasma breakdown and preglow of electron cyclotron resonance ion source
O. Tarvainen, T. Ropponen, T. Thuillier, J. Noland, V. Toivanen et al.
The 14 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics (JYFL) has been operated in pulsed mode in order to study the plasma breakdown and preglow effect. It was observed that the plasma breakdown time and preglow characteristics are affected by seed elec ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A303 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Investigations of the emittance and brightness of ion beams from an electron beam ion source of the Dresden EBIS type
Alexandra Silze, Erik Ritter, Gunter Zschornack, Andreas Schwan, and Falk Ullmann
We have characterized ion beams extracted from the Dresden EBIS-A, a compact room-temperature electron beam ion source (EBIS) with a permanent magnet system for electron beam compression, using a pepper-pot emittance meter. The EBIS-A is the precursor to the Dresden EBIS-SC in which the permanent ma ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023303 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Erratum: Ultrafast imaging of photoelectron packets generated from graphite surface [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 181108 (2009)]
Ramani K. Raman, Zhensheng Tao, Tzong-Ru Terry Han, and Chong-Yu Ruan
Abstract not available. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 059901 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Positron annihilation study in SmFeAsO and SmFeAsOF
Y. P. Hao, X. L. Chen, R. H. Liu, W. Kong, B. Cheng et al.
SmFeAsOF polycrystalline samples were first studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and Doppler-broadening spectroscopy, combined with the calculated results of positron lifetime. The experimental results agree well with the calculated positron bulk lifetime in SmFeAsO and SmFeAsF cry ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052507 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Dual wavelength emission from a terahertz quantum cascade laser
Joshua R. Freeman, Julien Madeo, Anthony Brewer, Sukhdeep Dhillon, Owen P. Marshall et al.
We describe a heterogeneous terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser that is composed of two different active region designs. This device emits simultaneously at around 2.5 and 2.9 THz with certain frequency tunability by applied current. We also investigate the spectral gain in the structure by THz ti ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051120 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Structural and electrical properties of ZnO nanorods and Ti buffer layers
C.-H. Kwak, B.-H. Kim, C.-I. Park, S.-Y. Seo, S.-H. Kim et al.
Vertically-well-aligned ZnO nanorods were synthesized on Ti buffer layers by a metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition process. Structural analyses demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods were well-aligned in the c-axis and ab-plane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the Ti buffer layer ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051908 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Electric field dependence of nonlinearity parameters and third order elastic constants of 0.70Pb(MgNb)O0.30PbTiO single crystal
Xiaozhou Liu, Shujun Zhang, Jun Luo, Thomas R. Shrout, and Wenwu Cao
Through second harmonic measurements, the ultrasonic nonlinearity parameters of [001] and [111] polarized 0.70Pb(MgNb)O0.30PbTiO(PMN0.3PT) single crystals have been measured as a function of bias electric field. It was found that the nonlinearity parameter increases almost linearly with field at low ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052905 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Doping and optimal electron spin polarization in n-ZnMnSe for quantum-dot spin-injection light-emitting diodes
W. Loffler, N. Hopcke, H. Kalt, S. F. Li, M. Grun et al.
Utilizing the diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnMnSe for electron spin alignment near-perfect spin state preparation in semiconductor quantum dots has been demonstrated. We show that the electron spin polarization depends strongly on the electron concentration in ZnMnSe:Cl. Using a model which takes ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052113 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Surface plasmon excitation in silver nanowires directly deposited on a laser diode chip
Zhe Ma, Xining Zhang, Xin Guo, Qing Yang, Yaoguang Ma et al.
We demonstrate surface plasmon (SP) excitation in silver nanowires directly deposited on the emission facet of a laser diode (LD) chip. Evident light output from the silver nanowires is observed. The output is linear-polarized and is strongly dependent on the nanowire orientation. SP excitation at t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051119 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
B diffusion in implanted NiSi and NiSi layers
I. Blum, A. Portavoce, L. Chow, D. Mangelinck, K. Hoummada et al.
B diffusion in implanted NiSi and NiSi layers has been studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry, and compared to B redistribution profiles obtained after the reaction of a Ni layer on a B-implanted Si(001) substrate, in same annealing conditions (400550 degrees C). B diffusion appears faster i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 054102 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Realization of a phononic crystal operating at gigahertz frequencies
M. F. Su, R. H. Olsson, III, Z. C. Leseman, and I. El-Kady
We report on the experimental realization of a phononic crystal, designed to operate at gigahertz frequencies. Detailed studies of the structure have been performed using finite difference time domain method to determine effects of slab modes in finite-thickness slabs, thus enabling precise guidance ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053111 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Observation of an electrically tunable exciton g factor in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots
F. Klotz, V. Jovanov, J. Kierig, E. C. Clark, D. Rudolph et al.
The electric field dependence of the exciton g factor and the fine structure splitting in self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots grown via a flush-overgrowth technique is studied by photocurrent and photoluminescence experiments. Both the fine structure and the Zeeman splitting can be tuned over a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053113 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Direct investigation on conducting nanofilaments in single-crystalline Ni/NiO core/shell nanodisk arrays
Inrok Hwang, Jinsik Choi, Sahwan Hong, Jin-Soo Kim, Ik-Su Byun et al.
We report resistive switching characteristics of single-crystalline Ni/NiO core/shell nanodisk arrays, in which the conducting filaments are highly localized on the surface of nanostructure. The local current distributions observed in such a single-grained nanodisk demonstrate that the contact area ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053112 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Effect of V/III flux ratio on luminescence properties and defect formation of Er-doped GaN
Shaoqiang Chen, Akira Uedono, Shoji Ishibashi, Shigeo Tomita, Hiroshi Kudo et al.
Erbium-doped GaN samples grown with different V/III ratios through gas source molecular beam epitaxy were prepared to investigate the influence of the V/III ratio on the defect formation and the optical activity of the Er-related luminescence center. Obvious V/III ratio dependence was observed in ph ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051907 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100320 Gb/in
M. Grobis, E. Dobisz, O. Hellwig, M. E. Schabes, G. Zeltzer et al.
We demonstrate a technique for measuring the intrinsic bit-error-rate as a function of write misregistration in bit patterned media. We examine the recording performance at bit densities of 100, 200, and 320 Gigabits per square inch (Gb/in) and find that the on-track write misregistration margin for ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052509 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Emission zone control in blue organic electrophosphorescent devices through chemical modification of host materials
Evgueni Polikarpov, James S. Swensen, Lelia Cosimbescu, Phillip K. Koech, James E. Rainbolt et al.
We report blue organic light-emitting devices with iridium (III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C] picolinate as an emitter doped into a series of phosphine oxide-based host materials that have significantly different charge transport properties: 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (HM ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053306 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Surface-induced magnetism in C-doped SnO
Gul Rahman and Victor M. Garcia-Suarez
The magnetism of C-doped SnO (001) surfaces is studied using first-principles calculations. It is found that carbon does not induce magnetism in bulk SnO when located at the oxygen site but shows a large magnetic moment at the SnO (001) surface. The magnetic moment is mainly contributed by the carbo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052508 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Giant anisotropic magnetoresistance in insulating ultrathin (Ga,Mn)As
R. R. Gareev, A. Petukhov, M. Schlapps, J. Sadowski, and W. Wegscheider
Molecular-beam epitaxy grown, 5 nm thick annealed GaMnAs films demonstrate transition from metallic to insulating state for sheet resistances near resistance quantum, which we connect with the two-dimensional hole localization. Below the metal-insulator transition we found the giant anisotropic magn ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052114 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Effective work function tuning in high-kappa dielectric metal-oxide-semiconductor stacks by fluorine and lanthanide doping
A. Fet, V. Haublein, A. J. Bauer, H. Ryssel, and L. Frey
In this letter, an ion implantation approach to engineer the effective work function is discussed and an empirical model to explain the mechanisms of work function change is proposed. It is shown that by doping a TiN/HfSiO stack with La and F, a silicon conduction band edge and valence band edge met ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053506 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
rf linewidth reduction in a quantum dot passively mode-locked laser subject to external optical feedback
C.-Y. Lin, F. Grillot, N. A. Naderi, Y. Li, and L. F. Lester
The effect of external optical feedback on an InAs/GaAs quantum dot passively mode-locked laser is investigated. The rf linewidth narrows from 8 KHz in the free-running situation to a value as low as 350 Hz under relatively low feedback. The rf linewidth characterization under resonant feedback at a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051118 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Physics Based Control Oriented Model for HCCI Combustion Timing
Mahdi Shahbakhti and Charles Robert Koch
Incorporating homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) into combustion engines for better fuel economy and lower emission requires understanding the dynamics influencing the combustion timing in HCCI engines. A control oriented model to dynamically predict cycle-to-cycle combustion timing of a ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 021010 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System in Fuzzy Measurement to Track Association
Abdolreza Dehghani Tafti and Nasser Sadati
The main issue in a surveillance environment is the target tracking. The most important concern in this problem is the association of the various measurements with the existing target tracks. The fuzzy c-means data association (FCMDA) algorithm, based on the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm, is an effi ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 021009 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Computationally Efficient Multisensor Fusion Estimation Algorithms
Seokhyoung Lee and Vladimir Shin
This paper provides two computationally effective fusion estimation algorithms. The first algorithm is based on Cholesky factorization of a cross-covariance block matrix. This algorithm has low computational complexity and is equivalent to the standard composite fusion estimation algorithm as well. ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 024503 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Stabilization of Unstable Fixed Points of Fractional-Order Systems by Fractional-Order Linear Controllers and Its Applications in Suppression of Chaotic Oscillations
Mohammad Saleh Tavazoei and Mohammad Haeri
In this paper, two fractional-order linear controllers are proposed to stabilize unstable equilibrium points of a chaotic fractional-order system. The first controller is based on the dynamic output feedback control idea and requires detectability of the linearized model of the fractional-order syst ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 021008 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Crown Ethers in Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Lithium/Air Batteries
Wu Xu, Jie Xiao, Deyu Wang, Jian Zhang, and Ji-Guang Zhang
Crown ethers can significantly affect the discharge performance of nonaqueous electrolytes in Li/air batteries. A small amount (<10 wt %) of crown ethers reduces battery performance, and a minimum discharge capacity appears at ca. 5 wt % of crown ether in the electrolytes. When the content increas ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A48 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Publisher's Note: Substrate Dependent Growth Rate of Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Oxide Using NO Gas [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 13, G13 (2010)]
Seok-Jun Won, Sungin Suh, Sang Woon Lee, Gyu-Jin Choi, Cheol Seong Hwang et al.
Abstract not available. [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, S3 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
PDMS-Glass Interface Adhesion Energy Determined Via Comprehensive Solutions for Thin Film Bulge/Blister Tests
Aarash Sofla, Erkin Seker, James P. Landers, and Matthew R. Begley
This paper provides comprehensive relationships for pressure, deflection, energy release rate, and phase angle for bulge testing, which are valid for all combinations of the testing length-scales (film thickness, debond size, and bulge height) and materials. These solutions can be used to design exp ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031007 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Deformations and Stability of an Elastica Subjected to an Off-Axis Point Constraint
Jen-San Chen and Wei-Chia Ro
This paper studies, both theoretically and experimentally, the deformation, the vibration, and the stability of a buckled elastic strip (also known as an elastica) constrained by a space-fixed point in the middle. One end of the elastica is fully clamped while the other end is allowed to slide witho ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031006 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Influence of Ductile Damage Evolution on the Collapse Load of Frames
Edwin L. Chica, Antolin L. Iban, Jose M. G. Teran, and Pablo M. Lopez-Reyes
In this note we analyze the influence of four damage models on the collapse load of a structure. The models considered here have been developed using the hypothesis based on the concept of effective stress and the principle of strain equivalence and they were proposed by Lemaitre and Chaboche (1990, ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 034502 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Shear in Structural Stability: On the EngesserHaringx Discord
Johan Blaauwendraad
Since Haringx introduced his stability hypothesis for the buckling prediction of helical springs over 60 years ago, discussion is on whether or not the older hypothesis of Engesser should be replaced in structural engineering for stability studies of shear-weak members. The accuracy and applicabilit ... [J. Appl. Mech. 77, 031005 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Computational and Experimental Studies on Cavity Filling Process by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray
Hidemasa Takana, HongYang Li, Kazuhiro Ogawa, Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa, and Hideya Nishiyama
Time-dependent computational simulations on cavity filling process by cold gas dynamic spray and powder jet deposition process ranging from microscale to macroscale were carried out in order to give an insight for their advanced applications to joining, crack repair, and dental treatment. Shock wave ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 021302 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Wave Propagation in Thin-Walled Aortic Analogues
C. G. Giannopapa, J. M. B. Kroot, A. S. Tijsseling, M. C. M. Rutten, and F. N. van de Vosse
Research on wave propagation in liquid filled vessels is often motivated by the need to understand arterial blood flows. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the propagation of waves in flexible tubes has been studied by many researchers. The analytical one-dimensional frequency domain wave ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 021104 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Comparison of Experiments and Simulation of Joule Heating in ac Electrokinetic Chips
Stuart J. Williams, Pramod Chamarthy, and Steven T. Wereley
ac electrokinetic manipulations of particles and fluids are important techniques in the development of lab-on-a-chip technologies. Most of these systems involve planar micro-electrode geometries, generating high strength electric fields. When these fields are applied to a dielectric medium, Joule he ... [J. Fluids Eng. 132, 021103 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Strain Measurement of Pure Titanium Covered With Soft Tissue Using X-Ray Diffraction
Kazuhiro Fujisaki and Shigeru Tadano
Measurement of the stress and strain applied to implants and bone tissue in the human body are important for fracture prediction and evaluations of implant adaptation. The strain of titanium (Ti) materials can be measuring by X-ray diffraction techniques. This study applied X-ray diffraction to the ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 031004 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Spatiotemporal Measurement of Freezing-Induced Deformation of Engineered Tissues
Ka Yaw Teo, J. Craig Dutton, and Bumsoo Han
In order to cryopreserve functional engineered tissues (ETs), the microstructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) should be maintained, as well as the cellular viability since the functionality is closely related to the ECM microstructure. Since the post-thaw ECM microstructure is determined by the ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 132, 031003 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Griffiths phase and exchange bias in LaCaMnO (x=0.50, 0.67, and 0.75) nanoparticles
S. M. Zhou, S. Y. Zhao, Y. Q. Guo, J. Y. Zhao, and L. Shi
The magnetic properties of LaCaMnO (x=0.50, 0.67, and 0.75) nanoparticles have been systemically investigated in this work. It is found that although their bulk counterparts have different magnetic and charge ordered states, the nanoparticles show no long-range charge ordered transition but very sim ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033906 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
The effect of impurities on spin-polarized Zeeman bound states in dilute magnetic semiconductor-superconductor hybrids
Shi-Hsin Lin, Tatiana G. Rappoport, Mona Berciu, and Boldizsar Janko
We investigate the effect of single and multiple impurities on the Zeeman-localized, spin-polarized bound states in dilute magnetic semiconductor hybrid system. Such bound states appear whenever a dilute magnetic semiconductor showing giant Zeeman effect is exposed to an external magnetic field show ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034307 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Magnetic cellular automata coplanar cross wire systems
Javier F. Pulecio and Sanjukta Bhanja
Quantum cellular automata has proposed an exclusive architecture where two coplanar perpendicular wires have the ability to intersect one another without signal degradation. The physical realization of cross wire architectures has yet to be implemented and researchers share concerns over the reliabi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034308 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
The jump phenomenon in the angular dependence of the off-aligned exchange bias
Yuhao Bai (白宇浩), Guohong Yun (云国宏), and Narsu Bai (白那日苏)
Based on the principle of minimal energy, the angular dependence of exchange bias has been investigated in detail with noncollinear easy axes of unidirectional and uniaxial anisotropies in the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers. The competition between unidirectional and uniaxial anisotropies ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033905 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Precessional dynamics of NiFe thin films for ultrahigh frequency integrated magnetics
Jeffrey F. Godsell, Santosh Kulkarni, Terence O'Donnell, and Saibal Roy
Future monolithic point of load switched mode power supplies will be expected to meet the energy requirements of miniaturized, high functionality electronic devices. Recently, NiFe has emerged as a potentially important material choice for use as a soft magnetic core material within high frequency i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033907 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Phase retrieval tomography in the presence of noise
B. D. Arhatari, W. P. Gates, N. Eshtiaghi, and A. G. Peele
We describe the use of single-plane phase retrieval tomography using a laboratory-based x-ray source, under conditions where the retrieval is not formally valid, to present images of the internal structure of an Aerosil granule and a hydrated bentonite gel. The technique provides phase images for sa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034904 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Temperature and excitation power dependent photoluminescence intensity of GaInN quantum wells with varying charge carrier wave function overlap
C. Netzel, V. Hoffmann, T. Wernicke, A. Knauer, M. Weyers et al.
For the realization and the improvement of GaN-based optoelectronic devices (light emitting diodes and laser diodes) emitting from the ultraviolet to the red wavelength range GaInN quantum well structures with high internal quantum efficiency are of great importance. To determine parameters which af ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033510 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Relative capacities of time-gated versus continuous-wave imaging to localize tissue embedded vessels with increasing depth
Nimit L. Patel, Zi-Jing Lin, Yajuvendra Rathore, Edward H. Livingston, Hanli Liu et al.
Surgeons often cannot see major vessels embedded in adipose tissue and inadvertently injure them. One such example occurs during surgical removal of the gallbladder, where injury of the nearby common bile duct leads to life-threatening complications. Near-infrared imaging of the intraoperative field ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 016015 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
Epidermal laser stimulation of action potentials in the frog sciatic nerve
Nichole M. Jindra, Douglas Goddard, Michelle Imholte, and Robert J. Thomas
Measurements of laser-stimulated action potentials in the sciatic nerve of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) are made using two infrared lasers. The dorsal sides of the frog's hind limbs are exposed to short-pulsed 1540- and 1064-nm wavelengths at three separate spot sizes: 2, 3, and 4 mm. Energy densit ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 015002 (2010)] published Thu Feb 4, 2010.
First operation of the charge-breeder electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute
D. P. May, G. Tabacaru, F. P. Abegglen, and W. D. Cornelius
The 14.5 GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) designed and fabricated specifically for charge breeding has been installed at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute for use in the institute's ongoing radioactive-ion-beam upgrade. The initial testing of the source has just begun w ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A901 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
General design of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility deuteron injector: Source and beam line
R. Gobin, V. Blideanu, D. Bogard, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin et al.
In the framework of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (IFMIF-EVEDA) project, CEA/IRFU is in charge of the design and realization of the 140 mA cw deuteron Injector. The electron cyclotron resonance ion source operates at ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B301 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Publisher's Note: Phase-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy with backward-wave oscillators in reflection mode [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 123904 (2009)]
A. V. Pronin, Yu. G. Goncharov, T. Fischer, and J. Wosnitza
Abstract not available. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 029901 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Long pulse H ion beam acceleration in MeV accelerator
M. Taniguchi, T. Mizuno, N. Umeda, M. Kashiwagi, K. Watanabe et al.
A multiaperture multigrid accelerator called MeV accelerator has been developed for neutral beam injection system of international thermonuclear experimental reactor. In the present work, long pulse H ion beam acceleration was performed by the MeV accelerator equipped with new water-cooled grids. At ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B101 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
High speed infrared camera diagnostic for heat flux measurement in NSTX
J.-W. Ahn, R. Maingi, D. Mastrovito, and A. L. Roquemore
A new high speed infrared camera has been successfully implemented and produced first set of heat flux measurements on the lower divertor tiles in the NSTX tokamak. High spatial and temporal resolutions, 6.4 mm and 1.66.3 kHz, respectively, enable us to investigate detailed structure of heat flux de ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 023501 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
How many surface plasmons are locally excited on the ridges of metallic lamellar gratings?
B. Wang and P. Lalanne
In contrast to earlier classical studies that analyze the surface Bloch modes supported by metallic gratings composed of slits as collective surface-plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) resonances (or poles) of the entire periodic problem, we study the normalized rate of SPPs that are locally launched on every ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051115 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Effect of boron on interstitial-related luminescence centers in silicon
S. Charnvanichborikarn, B. J. Villis, B. C. Johnson, J. Wong-Leung, J. C. McCallum et al.
Photoluminescence measurements have been used to investigate the optically active defect centers formed by silicon implantation and a subsequent anneal at 275, 400, or 525 degrees C. The presence of boron in p-type silicon is found to produce deleterious effects on the luminescence of the interstit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051906 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Microscopic simulation of nonequilibrium features in quantum-well pumped semiconductor disk lasers
Eckhard Kuhn, Stephan W. Koch, Angela Thranhardt, Jorg Hader, and Jerome V. Moloney
A microscopically motivated nonequilibrium theory is applied to study the power characteristics of an in-well pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting Laser for varying pump energies. Dynamic simulations yield steady state nonequilibrium carrier distributions resulting in gain reduction due ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051116 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Effect of In incorporated into SbTe on phase change characteristics resulting from changes in electronic structure
Moon Hyung Jang, Seung Jong Park, Dong Heok Lim, Sung Jin Park, Mann-Ho Cho et al.
The effects of the In content of InSbTe films with various stoichiometries (SbTe, InSbTe, and InSbTe) on phase change characteristics were investigated. With increasing incorporation of In atoms into SbTe, various crystalline phases, i.e., InTe, Sb, and InSbTe, were observed due to the bond energy b ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052112 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Charge pumping technique to analyze the effect of intrinsically retained charges and extrinsically trapped charges in biomolecules by use of a nanogap embedded biotransistor
Sungho Kim, Jae-Hyuk Ahn, Tae Jung Park, Sang Yup Lee, and Yang-Kyu Choi
Charge pumping technique is investigated for label-free electrical biosensing using a nanogap-embedded biotransistor. Biomolecules immobilized in a nanogap provide additional trap states and charges in the gate dielectric. These two effects give rise to a change of the charge pumping current, which ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053702 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Magnetic noise in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction rings
J. F. Feng, Z. Diao, Gen Feng, E. R. Nowak, and J. M. D. Coey
Magnetization switching is investigated in ring-shaped MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions with 168% tunneling magnetoresistance. Besides the forward and reverse onion states, two vortex states and several metastable states are observed for the ferromagnetic free layer. Electrical noise is used to c ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052504 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Tadpole shaped GeMn magnetic semiconductors grown on Si
Yong Wang, Faxian Xiu, Jin Zou, Kang L. Wang, and Ajey P. Jacob
Magnetic and structural properties of a GeMn thin film grown on Si has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device. Tadpole shaped coherent GeMn clusters induced by spinodal decomposition were revealed in the film. Although these coherent clu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051905 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Density functional calculations of hole induced long ranged ferromagnetic ordering in Mn doped CdSe nanocluster
S. Ghosh, B. Sanyal, and G. P. Das
We have investigated the possibility of long ranged ferromagnetic ordering in Mn doped CdSe nanocluster using density functional approach. Following the band repulsion theory we have explained that magnetic coupling between Mn atoms substituted in Cd sites is antiferromagnetic and short ranged. Howe ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052506 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Quantitative phase imaging with broadband fields
Zhuo Wang and Gabriel Popescu
Recently, Wolf has shown that the phase measurement associated with fields that are not monochromatic, which is relevant for all x-ray structure investigations, must be properly defined via a cross-spectral density function under full spatial coherence conditions; otherwise, the problem is meaningle ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051117 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Evidence of Al induced conducting filament formation in Al/amorphous silicon/Al resistive switching memory device
Jung Won Seo, Seung Jae Baik, Sang Jung Kang, Yun Ho Hong, Ji-Hwan Yang et al.
We demonstrated that an Al/p-type amorphous silicon (p-a-Si)/Al switching device exhibits stable, nonvolatile resistive switching characteristics as well as reliable data retention at 85 degrees C. It is directly observed that the conducting filament is created after electroforming and incorporates ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053504 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Effect of Mg doping in the barrier of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well on optical power of light-emitting diodes
Sang-Heon Han, Chu-Young Cho, Sang-Jun Lee, Tae-Young Park, Tae-Hun Kim et al.
We report on Mg doping in the barrier layers of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and its effect on the properties of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Mg doping in the barriers of MQWs enhances photoluminescence intensity, thermal stability, and internal quantum efficiency of LEDs. The light outp ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051113 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Multiple diagnostics in a high-pressure hydrogen microwave plasma torch
J. Torres, J. J. A. M. van der Mullen, A. Gamero, and A. Sola
We present an experimental study of a hydrogen plasma produced by a microwave axial injection torch, launching the plasma in a helium-filled chamber. Three different diagnostic methods have been used to obtain the electron density and temperature as follows: The Stark intersection method of Balmer s ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051501 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Room temperature operation of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers with single longitudinal and lateral mode performance
Quan-Yong Lu, Wan-Hong Guo, Wei Zhang, Li-Jun Wang, Jun-Qi Liu et al.
We demonstrate room temperature operation of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting at 4.7 [mu]m. A rectangular photonic crystal lattice perpendicular to the cleaved facet was defined using holographic lithography. The anticrossing of the index- and Bragg-guided dispe ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051112 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Maximum Li storage in Si nanowires for the high capacity three-dimensional Li-ion battery
Kibum Kang, Hyun-Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Han, Gil-Sung Kim, Donghun Lee et al.
Nanowires can serve as three-dimensional platforms at the nanometer scale for highly efficient chemical energy storage and conversion vehicles, such as fuel cells and secondary batteries. Here we report a coin-type Si nanowire (NW) half-cell Li-ion battery showing the Li capacity of approximately 40 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053110 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Quantum-level control in a IIIV-based ferromagnetic-semiconductor heterostructure with a GaMnAs quantum well and double barriers
Shinobu Ohya, Iriya Muneta, and Masaaki Tanaka
We investigate the spin-dependent tunneling properties in a three-terminal IIIV-based ferromagnetic-semiconductor heterostructure with a 2.5 nm thick GaMnAs quantum well (QW) and double barriers. We successfully control the quantum levels and modulate the spin-dependent current with varying the volt ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 052505 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
A contour-mode film bulk acoustic resonator of high quality factor in a liquid environment for biosensing applications
Wencheng Xu, Seokheun Choi, and Junseok Chae
This letter reports an acoustic resonator of high quality factors (Qs) operating in liquid media. The film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is made of a ring-shaped piezoelectric aluminum nitride thin film, and is excited in a contour mode. By having a low motional resistance upon coupling with liquid ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053703 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
A microtip self-written on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser by photopolymerization
V. Bardinal, B. Reig, T. Camps, E. Daran, J. B. Doucet et al.
We present the integration of a self-aligned microtip on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) by near infrared photopolymerization. This one-step fabrication process is triggered by the laser source itself. It is based on the use of photopolymers sensitive at the lasing wavelength and ca ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051114 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Theory of hot-carrier-induced phenomena in GaN high-electron-mobility transistors
Y. S. Puzyrev, B. R. Tuttle, R. D. Schrimpf, D. M. Fleetwood, and S. T. Pantelides
It has long been known that GaN high-electron-mobility transistors can degrade significantly under hot electron stress. More recently, an increase in the yellow luminescence was observed under similar stress conditions. The two phenomena have been attributed to defects but no specific physical mecha ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053505 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
High density conics in a magnetically expanding helicon plasma
C. Charles
A two-dimensional mapping of ion density and plasma potential in a diverging magnetized low pressure (0.4 mTorr) carbon dioxide helicon plasma containing a double layer reveals the presence of high density conics (~7 x 10 cm) along the most diverging magnetic field lines exiting the helicon source ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051502 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Tunable interfacial properties of epitaxial graphene on metal substrates
Min Gao, Yi Pan, Chendong Zhang, Hao Hu, Rong Yang et al.
We report on tuning interfacial properties of epitaxially-grown graphenes with different kinds of metal substrates based on scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations. Three kinds of metal substrates, Ni(111), Pt(111), and Ru(0001), show different interactio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 053109 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Ultrafast saturable absorption devices incorporating efficiently electrosprayed carbon nanotubes
Suho Chu, Won-Suk Han, Il-Doo Kim, Young-Geun Han, Kwanil Lee et al.
We demonstrate saturable absorption operation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) deposited by an efficient electrospray process that provides target-localized deposition with a homogeneous dispersion of the nanomaterials. An improvement in deposition efficiency of 95% is achieved. CNT dispersi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051111 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Performance Improvement of Oxide Catalyst-Doped Anode-Supported SOFCs for Methane Fuel
Jae-ha Myung, Jong-Jin Lee, and Sang-Hoon Hyun
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with conventional Ni cermet anode suffer carbon deposition when directly used with hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, oxide catalysts containing LiTiO, which can prevent carbon deposition, were developed, and the performance of catalyst-doped anode-supported SOFCs used w ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, B43 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Tavorite Lithium Iron Fluorophosphate Cathode Materials: Phase Transition and Electrochemistry of LiFePOFLiFePOF
T. N. Ramesh, Kyu Tae Lee, B. L. Ellis, and L. F. Nazar
We have synthesized LiFePOF by a simple solid-state route as a pure single phase, which we show is isostructural with that of the minerals tavorite and amblygonite, and we report the first isolation of its fully lithium-inserted crystalline analog, LiFePOF. We show that the latter adopts a triclinic ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A43 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Plasmonic noise in silicon nanolayers
J. Pousset, J.-F. Millithaler, L. Reggiani, P. Ziade, G. Sabatini et al.
We report a microscopic investigation of the spectrum of voltage fluctuations in nanometric n-Si layers. Theory makes use of a Monte Carlo simulator self-consistently coupled with a two-dimensional Poisson solver. We consider layers of variable thickness W in the range of 2100 nm and variable lengt ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033710 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Acoustic impedance measurements of pulse tube refrigerators
Takashi Iwase, Tetsushi Biwa, and Taichi Yazaki
Complex acoustic impedance is determined in a prototype refrigerator that can mimic orifice-type, inertance-type, and double inlet-type pulse tube refrigerators from simultaneous measurements of pressure and velocity oscillations at the cold end. The impedance measurements revealed the means by whic ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034903 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Effect of dipole interaction on microwave assisted magnetization switching
S. Okamoto, N. Kikuchi, O. Kitakami, and M. Igarashi
Microwave assisted switching (MAS) of magnetization has attracted much attention as an alternative technique for future ultrahigh density magnetic recording. In this study, to elucidate the effect of magnetostatic interparticle interaction on MAS, we have calculated the switching behavior for a row ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033904 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Reactive dc magnetron sputtering of (GeOSiO) superlattices for Ge nanocrystal formation
M. Zschintzsch, N. M. Jeutter, J. von Borany, M. Krause, and A. Mucklich
The motivation of this work is the tailored growth of Ge nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications. The use of superlattices provides a reliable method to control the Ge nanocrystal size after phase separation. In this paper, we report on the deposition of (GeOSiO) superlattices via reactive dc mag ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034306 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Growth and characterization of In-polar and N-polar InAlN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
David F. Brown, Stacia Keller, Thomas E. Mates, James S. Speck, Steven P. DenBaars et al.
InAlN layers, with 0.09<=x<=0.23, were grown on GaN on both the In-polar and N-polar orientations by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The impact of growth conditions, including temperature and the group-III flow rates, on the surface morphology and indium mole fraction was investigated. In-p ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033509 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Photoresponsive characteristics and hysteresis of soluble 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl)-pentacene-based organic thin film transistors with and without annealing
Mi Yeon Cho, Yoon Deok Han, Han Saem Kang, Kihyun Kim, Kyung Hwan Kim et al.
We report on the photoresponsive characteristics and hysteresis of soluble 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl; TIPS)-pentacene-based organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with and without an annealing process. Under incident light, the hysteresis and memory effect increased for the annealed devices ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033711 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Compositional effects on the growth of Mg(M)O films
M. Saraiva, V. Georgieva, S. Mahieu, K. Van Aeken, A. Bogaerts et al.
The influence of the composition on the crystallographic properties of deposited Mg(M)O (with M=Al, Cr, Ti, Y, and Zr) films is studied. For a flexible control of the composition, dual reactive magnetron sputtering was used as deposition technique. Two different approaches to predict the composition ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 034902 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Phase compatibility and thermoelectric properties of compounds in the SrCaCoO system
W. Wong-Ng, G. Liu, J. Martin, E. L. Thomas, N. Lowhorn et al.
Two low-dimensional cobaltite series in the SrCaCoO system have been investigated for their solid solution limit, structure, and compatibility phase relationships (850 degrees C in air). Thermoelectric properties have been measured for selected members of these solid solutions. In (Ca,Sr)CoO, which ... [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033508 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
A Risk-Informed Approach to Leak-Before-Break Assessment of Pressure Tubes in CANDU Reactors
M. D. Pandey and A. K. Sahoo
The leak-before-break (LBB) assessment of pressure tubes is intended to demonstrate that in the event of through-wall cracking of the tube, there will be sufficient time followed by the leak detection, for a controlled shutdown of the reactor prior to the rupture of the pressure tube. CSA Standard N ... [J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 132, 021403 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
Three-Dimensional Stress State Around Corrosive Cavities on Pressure Vessels
Z. Abdulaliyev, S. Ataoglu, O. Bulut, and E. S. Kayali
Internal surfaces of pressure vessels used in many industrial sectors are subjected to corrosive effects leading to cavities. In this study, corrosive cavities on investigated pressure vessels are classified according to their shapes and dimensions. Distribution of stress was experimentally investig ... [J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 132, 021204 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
A Dynamic Model of an Electropneumatic Valve Actuator for Internal Combustion Engines
Jia Ma, Guoming G. Zhu, and Harold Schock
This paper presents a detailed model of a novel electropneumatic valve actuator for both engine intake and exhaust valves. The valve actuator's main function is to provide variable valve timing and variable lift capabilities in an internal combustion engine. The pneumatic actuation is used to open t ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 021007 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.
A Dynamic Model of an Electropneumatic Valve Actuator for Internal Combustion Engines
Jia Ma, Guoming G. Zhu, and Harold Schock
This paper presents a detailed model of a novel electropneumatic valve actuator for both engine intake and exhaust valves. The valve actuator's main function is to provide variable valve timing and variable lift capabilities in an internal combustion engine. The pneumatic actuation is used to open t ... [J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control 132, 021007 (2010)] published Wed Feb 3, 2010.