An Efficient Sensing Localization Algorithm for Free-Form Surface Digitization
Yunbao Huang and Xiaoping Qian
We present a divide-and-conquer method that efficiently finds a near-optimal distribution of sensing locations for free-form surface digitization. We formulate a next-best-point problem and transform the uncertainty of a B-spline surface into a higher-dimensional B-spline surface. This technique all ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 8, 021008 (2008)] published Fri May 16, 2008.
Geometric Modeling of Fluted Cutters
Puneet Tandon, Phalguni Gupta, and Sanjay G. Dhande
Geometries of cutting tools are usually represented by two-dimensional models. This paper outlines the construction of detailed computer aided design models for a variety of fluted cutters that includes slab mills, end mills, and drills; and establishes a new three-dimensional definition for the geo ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 8, 021007 (2008)] published Fri May 16, 2008.
Shearographic phase retrieval using one single specklegram: a clustering approach
Yuan H. Huang, Siu P. Ng, Long Liu, Yun S. Chen, and Michael Y. Y. Hung
In the field of optical measurement, phase always represents the physical quantity to be measured. Thus, phase retrieval from a fringe pattern is a key step for quantitative measurement and evaluation. Much research work has been conducted to develop phase evaluation methods such as fringe tracking ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 054301 (2008)] published Fri May 16, 2008.
Probing the band structure of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by capacitance-voltage and photoluminescence spectroscopy
W. Lei, M. Offer, A. Lorke, C. Notthoff, C. Meier et al.
The band structure of self-assembled InAs quantum dots, embedded in a GaAs matrix, is probed with capacitance-voltage spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The electron energy levels in the quantum dots with respect to the electron ground state of the wetting layer (WL) are determine ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193111 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
A tunable all-fiber filter based on microfiber loop resonator
Wu Yu, Zeng Xu, Hou Changlun, Bai Jian, and Yang Guoguang
In this paper, a tunable high finesse microfilter is described, which is based on microfiber loop resonator (MLR). The length of microfiber loop could be controlled by a small cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic. As we calculated, this resonator has the maximum Q factor of 2400 and the finesse of 4.3. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191112 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Young's modulus of VO[sub 2] thin films as a function of temperature including insulator-to-metal transition regime
Nelson Sepulveda, Armando Rua, Rafmag Cabrera, and Felix Fernandez
Young's modulus of VO thin films has been measured for the first time through the material's insulator-to-metal transition. The resonant frequency of silicon VO coated cantilevers was measured in the temperature range 3090 degrees C. It has been found that during the semiconductor to metallic tran ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191913 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Experimental demonstration of relativistic magnetron with modified output configuration
M. Daimon, K. Itoh, G. Imada, and W. Jiang
A modified configuration of relativistic magnetron with diffraction output has been investigated experimentally by using repetitive pulsed power generator ETIGO-IV (400 kV, 13 kA, 120 ns, 1 Hz). The purpose is to verify the improved microwave conversion efficiency predicted by numerical simulati ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191504 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Spin-dependent density of states in Ga[sub 1 - x]Mn[sub x]As probed by tunneling spectroscopy
H. Saito, A. Yamamoto, S. Yuasa, and K. Ando
We conducted spin-dependent tunneling spectroscopy measurements in Fe/ZnSe/GaMnAs magnetic tunnel diodes that had a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure. The tunneling magnetoresistance signal in differential conductance spectra (dI/dVV) was found to disappear for bias voltages (V) higher than 35 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192512 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Double-layer porous TiO[sub 2] electrodes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Xiaojuan Fan, David P. Demaree, Jessica M. St. John, Akhilesh Tripathi, and Scott R. J. Oliver
We report a rapid and inexpensive method to fabricate double-layer porous TiO electrodes for quasisolid dye-sensitized solar cells. Polymethylmethacrylate mixed with titanium alkoxide in methyl ethyl ketone was used as template precursor. Thermal removal of the polymer at 500 degrees C leads to me ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193108 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Slow Bloch modes for enhancing the absorption of light in thin films for photovoltaic cells
David Duche, Ludovic Escoubas, Jean-Jacques Simon, Philippe Torchio, Wilfried Vervisch et al.
This paper deals with the improvement of light harvesting in photovoltaic cells by using photonic nanostructures. We theoretically study a poly-3-hexylthiophene/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) thin film periodically nanostructured in order to increase its absorption. The perio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193310 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Cutoff effect of light transmission through structured metal films
Shi-qiang Liu, Qian-jin Wang, Xiao-gang Yin, Cheng-ping Huang, and Yong-yuan Zhu
The optical transmission spectra of structured metal films, which were fabricated by depositing a thin metal layer on the perforated metal surface, have been experimentally studied in this paper. They exhibit an extraordinary cutoff effect at certain wavelength, beyond which no efficient light trans ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191914 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Enhancement of organic magnetoresistance by electrical conditioning
U. Niedermeier, M. Vieth, R. Patzold, W. Sarfert, and H. von Seggern
We demonstrate that electrical conditioning can be used as an efficient method to enhance the organic magnetoresistance effect in organic light emitting diodes. Depending on duration and intensity of the conditioning process the absolute value of the magnetoresistance effect can be increased from ~1 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193309 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Joule heating in ferromagnetic nanowires: Prediction and observation
Kab-Jin Kim, Jae-Chul Lee, Sug-Bong Choe, and Kyung-Ho Shin
We present an analytic theory of the Joule heating in metallic nanowires. The steady state is calculated for heat conduction through the insulation layer and then the transient state is considered from the thermodynamics law. The temperature is predicted to exhibit a quick exponential decay to a ste ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192509 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Electromagnetic three-dimensional reconstruction of targets from free space experimental data
J.-M. Geffrin, P. C. Chaumet, C. Eyraud, K. Belkebir, and P. Sabouroux
This paper deals with the problem of reconstructing the relative permittivity of three-dimensional targets using experimental scattered fields. The fields concerned were measured in an anechoic chamber on the surface of a sphere surrounding the target. The inverse scattering problem is reformulated ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 194103 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
High efficiency and low efficiency roll off in white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes by managing host structures
Kyoung Soo Yook and Jun Yeob Lee
High efficiency phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes with little efficiency roll off were developed by managing the charge transport properties of the host materials. The emitting layers were stacked at a sequence of red/blue/green from the hole transport layer side and charge injectio ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193308 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Giant positive magnetoresistance in Co-doped ZnO nanocluster films
Y. F. Tian, J. Antony, R. Souza, S. S. Yan, L. M. Mei et al.
We have studied nanostructures and magnetoresistance of 0.5%, 12%, and 30% Co-doped ZnO nanocluster films which were deposited by a third generation sputtering-gas-aggregation source on Si wafer. Microstructure analysis is performed by x-ray photoelectron spectrometer, transmission electron microsco ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192109 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of the barrier composition on the polarization fields in near UV InGaN light emitting diodes
A. Knauer, H. Wenzel, T. Kolbe, S. Einfeldt, M. Weyers et al.
The electroluminescence from near ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes containing InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with GaN, AlGaN, and InAlGaN barriers was investigated. Based on band-structure calculations the observed wavelength shift in the peak emission with increasing injection current is ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191912 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Polarity dependent breakdown of the high-kappa /SiO[sub x] gate stack: A phenomenological explanation by scanning tunneling microscopy
D. S. Ang, Y. C. Ong, S. J. O'Shea, K. L. Pey, C. H. Tung et al.
From scanning tunneling microscopy, we present unambiguous evidence of thermally induced localized conduction paths exhibiting an asymmetrical conduction property in the high-kappa gate stack. The tunneling current under gate injection biasing is found to be much larger than that under substrate inj ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192904 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Transversely tapered hybrid electro-optic polymer/sol-gel Mach--Zehnder waveguide modulators
Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo et al.
We show results of a proposed hybrid modulator structure that reduces both the optical loss and half wave voltage (V). A sol-gel waveguide core transversely sandwiched between two MachZehnder arms of electro-optic (EO) polymer cores enables an adiabatic transverse transition between the sol-gel and ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193508 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Polarization rotation transitions in anisotropically strained SrTiO[sub 3] thin films
A. Vasudevarao, Sava Denev, Michael D. Biegalski, Yulan Li, Long-Qing Chen et al.
Commensurately strained epitaxial SrTiO thin films on a GdScO substrate with anisotropic in-plane tensile strains of 1.46% and 1.59% were grown. By using optical second harmonic generation and polarization measurements, a ferroelectric transition from a tetragonal 4/mmm phase to a ferroelectric mm2 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192902 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Two-dimensional propagation of magnetocardiac T wave signals for characterizing myocardial ischemia
C. C. Wu, H. C. Huang, Y. B. Liu, L. C. Lin, L. Y. Lin et al.
Instead of detecting electrical signals for diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, a promising alternative is to detect the magnetic signals generated from cardiac electrical currents. The system utilizing 64 low-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices was tested to detect the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 194104 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
High quality GaN grown on silicon(111) using a Si[sub x]N[sub y] interlayer by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
Kai Cheng, M. Leys, S. Degroote, M. Germain, and G. Borghs
High quality GaN layers with dislocation density of (3.00.5) x 10/cm have been grown on silicon(111) substrates using a combination of AlGaN intermediate layers and a SiN interlayer. A smooth and fully coalesced layer was obtained by virtue of a high temperature growth process which accelerates coal ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192111 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Accelerating dislocations to transonic and supersonic speeds in anisotropic metals
Helio Tsuzuki, Paulo S. Branicio, and Jose Pedro Rino
The dynamics of stress-accelerated dislocations in copper is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The structure and motion of dissociated edge dislocations are analyzed using the common neighborhood parameter and local stresses. Dislocations are accelerated by high shear stresses and r ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191909 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bilayer processing for an enhanced organic-electrode contact in ultrathin bottom contact organic transistors
Jeongwon Park, Richard D. Yang, Corneliu N. Colesniuc, Amos Sharoni, Sungho Jin et al.
A bilayer lift-off process has been employed to fabricate optimal electrode contact geometry for statistical characterization of ultrathin organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). For over 100 p-channel ultrathin (12 ML) copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) OTFTs, the bilayer photoresist lift-off process incr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193311 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Capacitive extensometry for transient strain analysis of dielectric elastomer actuators
Christoph Keplinger, Martin Kaltenbrunner, Nikita Arnold, and Siegfried Bauer
Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising structural units for artificial muscles and robotic elements. Understanding the safe and failure mode regimes of such DEAs is essential for controlling the actuator. We develop an electrical characterization technique for obtaining information on t ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192903 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Lifetime and diffusion length of photogenerated minority carriers in single-crystalline n-type beta-FeSi[sub 2] bulk
Teruhisa Ootsuka, Takashi Suemasu, Jun Chen, Takashi Sekiguchi, and Yoshiaki Hara
We have evaluated the lifetime and diffusion length of photogenerated minority carriers (holes) in single-crystalline n-type beta-FeSi bulk grown by chemical vapor transport. The diffusion length measured by optical-beam-induced current agreed well with that measured by electron-beam-induced current ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192114 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Interband cascade laser emitting at lambda = 3.75 mu m in continuous wave above room temperature
M. Kim, C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, C. S. Kim, J. R. Lindle et al.
We report a five-stage interband cascade laser that operates at lambda=3.75 [mu]m in cw mode up to a maximum temperature of 319 K. With gold electroplating, epitaxial-side-up mounting, and one facet coated for high reflectivity, a 3 mm x 9.2 [mu]m ridge emits over 10 mW of cw power at 300 K. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191110 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Resonant Raman scattering probe of alloying effect in ZnMgO thin films
J. F. Kong, W. Z. Shen, Y. W. Zhang, C. Yang, and X. M. Li
We have presented a detailed resonant Raman scattering investigation for the alloying effect in hexagonal ZnMgO (x<=0.323) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Alloy-induced longitudinal optical (LO) phonon resonance effect has been achieved from the Raman peak shift, lineshape, and intensit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191910 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Nanoscale thickness double-gated field effect silicon sensors for sensitive pH detection in fluid
Oguz H. Elibol, Bobby Reddy, Jr., and Rashid Bashir
In this work, we report on the optimization of a double-gate silicon-on-insulator field effect device operation to maximize pH sensitivity. The operating point can be fine tuned by independently biasing the fluid and the back gate of the device. Choosing the bias points such that device is nearly de ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193904 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Temperature insensitive linewidth enhancement factor of p-type doped InAs/GaAs quantum-dot lasers emitting at 1.3 mu m
D.-Y. Cong, A. Martinez, K. Merghem, A. Ramdane, J.-G. Provost et al.
The temperature dependence of microwave propertiesrelaxation frequency and Henry factorof undoped and p-type doped ten InAs/GaAs quantum-dot layer lasers is reported in the 2080 degrees C range. It is shown that the linewidth enhancement factor of the p-type doped devices is temperature insensitiv ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191109 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of frequency and temperature on microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems
Jesus Inarrea
Experimental results on microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems show a similar behavior regarding temperature and microwave frequency. It is found that these oscillations tend to quench when frequency or temperature increases, approaching magnetoresistanc ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192113 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Low leakage current and enhanced ferroelectric properties of Ti and Zn codoped BiFeO[sub 3] thin film
G. D. Hu, S. H. Fan, C. H. Yang, and W. B. Wu
BiFeO (BFO), Ti(2%)-doped BFO (BFTO), Zn(2%)-doped BFO (BFZO), as well as Ti (1%) and Zn (1%) codoped BFO (BFTZO) films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO/Si substrates by using a metal organic decomposition process. Well saturated P-E hysteresis loops can be obtained in BFZO and BFTZO films due to their l ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192905 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Observation of spin-glass behavior in antiperovskite Mn[sub 3]GaN
Bo Song, Jikang Jian, Huiqiang Bao, Ming Lei, Hui Li et al.
The dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, and isothermal remanent magnetization measurements are carried out for antiperovskite MnGaN. Strong indication for a frozen state with freeing temperature of T at ~133 K is found, determined from the difference between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magn ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192511 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Low-noise wideband ultrasound detection using polymer microring resonators
Sheng-Wen Huang, Sung-Liang Chen, Tao Ling, Adam Maxwell, Matthew O'Donnell et al.
Polymer microring resonators for low-noise, wideband ultrasound detection are presented. Using a nanoimprinting technique, we fabricated polymer microring resonators with a quality factor of 6000 resulting in high sensitivity to ultrasound. A noise-equivalent pressure of 0.23 kPa over 175 MHz and ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193509 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Scanning x-ray diffraction with 200 nm spatial resolution
M. Hanke, M. Dubslaff, M. Schmidbauer, T. Boeck, S. Schoder et al.
We report a scanning technique, which combines high resolution x-ray diffraction (in reciprocal space) along with a submicrometer spatial resolution (in real space). SiGe/Si(001) StranskiKrastanow islands served here as a well investigated model system to check the limits of the developed method. A ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193109 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions on the Bi content of GaAs[sub 1 - x]Bi[sub x]
X. Lu, D. A. Beaton, R. B. Lewis, T. Tiedje, and M. B. Whitwick
We describe how the Bi content of GaAsBi epilayers grown on GaAs can be controlled by the growth conditions in molecular beam epitaxy. Nonstandard growth conditions are required because of the strong tendency for Bi to surface segregate under usual growth conditions for GaAs. A maximum Bi content of ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192110 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Investigations of half and full select disturb rates in a toggle magnetic random access memory
R. P. Robertazzi, D. C. Worledge, and J. Nowak
Immunity to half select disturbs and self-activated toggle errors were measured for toggle magnetic memory cells at high switching speeds (200 ps rise time pulses, 100 ns in duration). Measurements of the immunity of cells to word line or bit line half selects indicate lifetimes for magnetic rever ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192510 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Spectral dependence of the excited-state absorption of erbium in silica fiber within the 1.48--1.59 mu m range
A. D. Guzman-Chavez, Yu. O. Barmenkov, and A. V. Kir'yanov
We report the study of the excited-state absorption (ESA) spectrum of Er in erbium-doped silica fiber (EF) within the telecom band, 1.481.59 [mu]m. Two experimental techniques, the detection of up-conversion emission following the ESA process and the measurement of the EF nonlinear transmission coe ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191111 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Magnetic flux noise in MgB[sub 2] superconductor
Neeraj Khare, D. P. Singh, and Ajai K. Gupta
Magnetic flux noise in MgB polycrystalline sample is measured using a high-T rf-superconducting quantum interference device in the temperature range of 640 K. A small magnetic field (~200 mG) was applied while cooling the sample. The flux noise exhibits 1/f type of behavior with alpha~1.01.3 and s ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192508 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Modification of the electronic structure in a carbon nanotube with the charge dopant encapsulation
Woon Ih Choi, Jisoon Ihm, and Gunn Kim
We present the first-principles study of effects of the charge dopants such as cesium and iodine encapsulated on the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An encapsulated cesium atom donates an electron to the nanotube and produces donorlike states below the conduction bands. In contrast, ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193110 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Thermal conductivity reduction in oxygen-deficient strontium titanates
Choongho Yu, Matthew L. Scullin, Mark Huijben, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, and Arun Majumdar
We report significant thermal conductivity reduction in oxygen-deficient lanthanum-doped strontium titanate (SrLaTiO) films as compared to unreduced strontium titanates. Our experimental results suggest that the oxygen vacancies could have played an important role in the reduction. This could be due ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191911 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Study on threading dislocations blocking mechanism of GaN/Al[sub x]Ga[sub 1 - x]N superlattices
L. W. Sang, Z. X. Qin, H. Fang, X. R. Zhou, Z. J. Yang et al.
GaN/AlGaN superlattices (SLs) with different period thicknesses t were grown as interlayers between GaN and AlGaN epilayers. The effect of threading dislocations (TDs) blocking became more evident with increasing t. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that TDs are inclined to be bended i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192112 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Green phosphorescent light-emitting diodes from polymer doped with iridium complex
Seung-Joon Lee, Jin Su Park, Myungkwan Song, Kyung-Jin Yoon, Young Inn Kim et al.
We demonstrate efficient organic light-emitting diodes by using a phosphorescent host/guest system consisting of a recently developed green electrophosphorescent molecule, bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-8-methylpyridinato-N,C2)iridium pyrazinate [(dfmppy)Irprz], as the guest and a blend of poly(N-vinylcar ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193312 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Collisionless phenomena in heteronuclear clusters
J. Jha and M. Krishnamurthy
Argon K-shell x-ray yields and electron fluxes are measured for water doped Ar clusters as a function of laser pulse width. The high energy electron and x-ray yields are significantly enhanced in doped clusters. We show that doping of the clusters can be used to enhance collisionless absorption. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191108 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
High-Quality HfO[sub 2] Formation using Zr Reduced High-Purity TEMAH
Hironobu Miya, Masayuki Asai, Kazuhiro Hirahara, Yuta Kinoshita, and Fumihiko Hirose
HfO films have been grown by an atomic layer deposition method using a high-purity tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium (TEMAH). TEMAH, which has been used as a source material for HfO film formation, is likely to include zirconium (Zr) or titanium (Ti) atoms as impurities in the manufacturing process, ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 11, H204 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Transmission Electron Microscope Studies of LiNi[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 1/3]Co[sub 1/3]O[sub 2] before and after Long-Term Aging at 70[degree]C
Heike Gabrisch, Tanghong Yi, and Rachid Yazami
LiNiMnCoO is a potential cathode material for high-power applications in lithium-ion batteries. While cation ordering on a sqrt(3) x sqrt(3) R30 degrees in-plane superlattice was proposed for the layered structure, the experimental data do not fully support this model. Here, we present a systematic ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 11, A119 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Freestanding diffractive optical elements as light extractors for burning plasma experiments
D. Stutman, G. Caravelli, M. Finkenthal, G. Wright, D. Whyte et al.
Optical diagnostics will be critical for the operation and performance assessment of burning plasma experiments, such as ITER. At the same time, extracting light for these diagnostics with reflective mirrors becomes difficult in the burning plasma environment due to the deleterious effects of the pr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093307 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Terahertz characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube films
Ziran Wu, Lu Wang, Yitian Peng, Abram Young, Supapan Seraphin et al.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube films are characterized using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Both transmission and reflection experiments are performed in order to measure both the complex refractive index and the wave impedance. This method allows simultaneous extraction of both the permittivity ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 094324 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Antireflection coating for improved optical trapping
Ying Hu, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
An antireflection coating improves the trapping of high-index particles in optical tweezers by reducing the scattering force. This can allow the strong trapping of high-index particles that cannot normally be trapped, and the use of lower numerical aperture objectives while still obtaining strong tr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093119 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Interfacial reactions between indium tin oxide and triphenylamine tetramer layers induced by photoirradiation
Toshikazu Satoh, Hisayoshi Fujikawa, Ichiro Yamamoto, Takanori Murasaki, and Yoshifumi Kato
The effects of photoirradiation on the interfacial chemical reactions between indium tin oxide (ITO) films and layers of triphenylamine tetramer (TPTE) were investigated by using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thin TPTE layers deposited onto sputter-deposited ITO films were irradiat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093543 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bundling dynamics of single walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous suspensions
Goki Eda, Giovanni Fanchini, Alokik Kanwal, and Manish Chhowalla
A simple optical method based on absorption of monochromatic light to investigate the dynamics of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) suspensions is described. The well dispersed suspensions display a complex behavior, exhibiting peaks due to resonant scattering from SWCNT bundles with increasing ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093118 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Experimental evidence of an incomplete thermalization of the energy in an x-ray microcalorimeter with a Ta/Au absorber
E. Perinati, M. Barbera, S. Varisco, E. Silver, J. Beeman et al.
We have conducted an experimental test at our XACT facility using an x-ray microcalorimeter with Ta/Au absorber and neutron transmutation doped germanium thermal sensor. The test was aimed at measuring the percentage of energy effectively thermalized after absorption of x-ray photons in superconduct ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 053905 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Quantitative imaging of Young's modulus of solids: A contact-mechanics study
H. Ogi, T. Inoue, H. Nagai, and M. Hirao
We developed equipment and methods for measuring quantitatively the local Young's modulus of solids. It consists of an electrodeless langasite oscillator and line antennas, and oscillator vibrations are generated and detected contactlessly. A constant biasing force results from oscillator mass and i ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 053701 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Development of Optimal and Physically Realizable Unit Hydrograph'' by Sharad K. Jain, V. P. Singh, and P. K. Bhunya
Sharad K. Jain, V. P. Singh, and P. K. Bhunya
... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 528 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Development of Optimal and Physically Realizable Unit Hydrograph'' by Sharad K. Jain, V. P. Singh, and P. K. Bhunya
Sushil K. Singh
... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 527 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Application of a Routing Model for Detecting Channel Flow Changes with Minimal Data
Jozsef Szilagyi, Nicholas Pinter, and Rob Venczel
The discrete linear cascade model (DLCM) was applied for historical flow routing along the Nebraska CityRulo section of the Missouri River in southeastern Nebraska. With the help of optimized model parameters it has been possible to identify the triggering mechanism responsible for historical change ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 521 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Modeling of Solute Transport and Macrodispersion by Unsteady Stream Flow under Uncertain Conditions
Lan Liang and M. Levent Kavvas
A numerical simulation for a longitudinally one-dimensional upscaled solute transport model is developed in order to predict the mean solute concentration in natural streams subject to irregular variations in various flow and transport parameters and forcing conditions. A solute transport equation a ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 510 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Can Longitudinal Solute Transport Parameters Be Transferred to Different Flow Rates?
Bernhard H. Schmid
Longitudinal solute transport modeling requires knowledge of the transport parameters involved. At best, these parameters have been estimated from stream tracer experiments, usually conducted, however, at flow rates different from those characterizing the intended application. Thus, the mathematical ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 505 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Intermediate-Scale Experiments to Evaluate Silt Fence Designs to Control Sediment Discharge from Highway Construction Sites
W. C. Zech, J. L. Halverson, and T. P. Clement
Soil erosion occurring at highway construction sites can contribute large amounts of sediment to the local stream network and degrades overall water quality. The environmental impacts of the sediment-laden stormwater runoff can be mitigated by employing appropriate best management practices (BMPs). ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 497 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of Local Errors of Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauges on Rainfall-Runoff Simulations
Emad H. Habib, Ehab A. Meselhe, and Ananda V. Aduvala
This study investigates the effect of local systematic and random errors of the commonly used tipping-bucket (TB) rain gauges on the accuracy of runoff predictions. A physically-based rainfall-runoff model is applied to analyze several storms in a humid midsize watershed in south Louisiana. Two type ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 488 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Hourly Disaggregation of Daily Rainfall in Texas Using Measured Hourly Precipitation at Other Locations
Janghwan Choi, Scott A. Socolofsky, and Francisco Olivera
A method to disaggregate daily rainfall into hourly precipitation is evaluated across Texas. Based on measured precipitation data, the method generates disaggregated hourly hyetographs that match measured daily totals by selecting storm intensity patterns from measured hourly databases using a one p ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 476 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
ANN-Based Soil Moisture Retrieval over Bare and Vegetated Areas Using ERS-2 SAR Data
Saif Said, Umesh C. Kothyari, and Manoj K. Arora
Active microwave remote sensing data (e.g., radar) can be used for estimation of soil moisture beneath the ground surfaces up to 0 to 5 cm depths. A number of analytical and empirical models are available that relate the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to the surface soil moisture. Each of thes ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 461 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Stochastic Event-Based Approach to Generate Concurrent Hourly Mean Sea Level Pressure and Wind Sequences for Estuarine Flood Risk Assessment
Kim-Seong Tan, Francis H. S. Chiew, and Rodger B. Grayson
The determination of the annual exceedence probability (AEP) of extreme water levels in complex estuarine systems is an important and challenging issue in flood management. Extreme estuarine levels are caused by the combined effects of river flows, local winds, and coastal ocean levels. This paper d ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 449 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Estimation of Average Rainfall Areal Reduction Factors in Texas Using NEXRAD Data
Francisco Olivera, Janghwoan Choi, Dongkyun Kim, and Ming-Han Li
Precipitation areal reduction factors (ARFs) for the 685,000 km of Texas were calculated using next generation radar (NEXRAD) rainfall estimates. The study was based on 18,531 storms of different durations that took place in different seasons and regions of Texas. The storms were assumed of ellipti ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 438 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Forecasting Spring Reservoir Inflows in Churchill Falls Basin in Qu[e-acute]bec, Canada
Oli G. B. Sveinsson, Upmanu Lall, Vincent Fortin, Luc Perrault, Jocelyn Gaudet et al.
The performance of different models and procedures for forecasting aggregated MayJuly streamflow for the Churchill Falls basin on the Quebec-Labrador peninsula is compared. The models compared have different lead times and include an autoregressive model using only past streamflow data, an autoregre ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 426 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Analysis of Climatic States and Atmospheric Circulation Patterns That Influence Qu[e-acute]bec Spring Streamflows
Oli G. B. Sveinsson, Upmanu Lall, Jocelyn Gaudet, Yochanan Kushnir, Steve Zebiak et al.
Results from diagnostic analyses to understand the seasonal evolution of the large-scale climatic state responsible for the development and melt of the winter snowpack, and springearly summer precipitation in the Churchill Falls region on the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, Canada, are presented in the c ... [J. Hydrologic Engrg. 13, 411 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 86. Ethers and Ketones with Water. Part 3. C[sub 7]--C[sub 14] Ethers with Water
Andrzej Maczynski, David G. Shaw, Marian Goral, and Barbara Wisniewska-Goclowska
The mutual solubilities and related liquid-liquid equilibria of nine binary systems of CC ethers with water are exhaustively and critically reviewed. Reports of experimental determination of solubility that appeared in the primary literature prior to the end of 2006 are compiled. For three systems, ... [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 37, 1169 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Nonlinear Analysis of Space Trusses Using Modified Normal Flow Algorithm
H. Saffari, M. J. Fadaee, and R. Tabatabaei
In order to evaluate the structures' behavior accurately, a suitable mathematical algorithm and a set of appropriate assumptions concerning the structures' behavior must be adopted. The more accurate the algorithm and the assumptions adopted the more real behavior of the structures is determined. In ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 998 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Steel--Concrete Composite Frames
Alessandro Zona, Michele Barbato, and Joel P. Conte
Frame finite-element models permit obtaining, at moderate computational cost, significant information on the dynamic response behavior of steelconcrete composite (SCC) frame structures. As an extension of conventional monolithic beam models, composite beams with deformable shear connection were spec ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 986 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Implicit Higher-Order Accuracy Method for Numerical Integration in Dynamic Analysis
M. Rezaiee-Pajand and J. Alamatian
New implicit higher-order accuracy (IHOA) time integration, which uses constant time step, is presented for dynamic analysis. By defining weighted factors, current displacement and velocity are assumed to be functions of the accelerations in the several previous time steps. Then, the optimum weighte ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 973 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of Timber Ties on the Behavior of Historic Masonry
Elizabeth Vintzileou
This paper presents the results of testing stone masonry wallettes in compression or in diagonal compression. The specimens that simulate a portion of perimeter walls of historic structures are made of three-leaf rubble stone masonry; they are horizontally reinforced with timber ties. Tests have pro ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 961 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Shear Capacity for Flange-Web Intersection of Concrete Block Shear Walls
Robert G. Drysdale, Wael W. El-Dakhakhni, and Edward A. Kolodziejski
Adequate shear strength between the web(s) and the flange(s) in flanged masonry shear walls is essential for the wall to provide the required stiffness and strength. In this regard, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the behavior of flanged concrete block walls. The study focused o ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 947 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Tendon Stress in Unbonded Posttensioned Masonry Walls at Nominal In-Plane Strength
Gavin D. Wight and Jason M. Ingham
Accurate estimation of stress in unbonded tendons at the nominal strength limit state is essential for calculating the in-plane flexural strength of posttensioned masonry walls. These walls gain their lateral strength and desirable seismic properties through the utilization of vertical unbonded post ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 938 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Long-Term Behavior of Prestressed Composite Beams at Service Loads for One Year
Weichen Xue, Min Ding, Chi He, and Jie Li
The combined effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing tendons cause gradual changes in the internal forces and deflections of composite beams. However, most of the research work conducted on prestressed steelconcrete composite beams has focused on short-term behavior ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 930 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Load Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Continuous Deep Beams
K. H. Yang and A. F. Ashour
Most codes of practice, such as EC2 and ACI 318-05, recommend the use of strut-and-tie models for the design of reinforced concrete deep beams. However, studies on the validity of the strut-and-tie models for continuous deep beams are rare. This paper evaluates the strut-and-tie model specified by A ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 919 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Influence of Base Plate Flexibility on the Fatigue Performance of Welded Socket Connections
John H. Hall, III and Robert J. Connor
This study investigates the effect of base plate flexibility on the behavior and fatigue performance of welded socket connections commonly used in sign support structures. The results of a three specimen static load testing program, extensive finite-element analysis, and parametric study are discuss ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 911 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength of Tubular Flange Girders
Bong-Gyun Kim and Richard Sause
I-shaped steel girders with tubular flanges have been studied for application in highway bridges because of their large lateral torsional buckling (LTB) strength relative to conventional I-shaped steel plate girders. This paper discusses the LTB strength of tubular flange girders, focusing on concre ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 902 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Improved Seismic Performance of Gusset Plate Connections
Dawn E. Lehman, Charles w. Roeder, David Herman, Shawn Johnson, and Brandon Kotulka
Current design practices use a strength-based design approach to design gusset plate connections in special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs), in which the expected tensile and compressive capacities of the brace are used to design the gusset plate and the weld used to connect the brace to the fr ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 890 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Analytical Performance Simulation of Special Concentrically Braced Frames
Jung-Han Yoo, Charles W. Roeder, and Dawn E. Lehman
The properties of special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) enable them to be designed to meet performance-based seismic design (PBSD) criteria. SCBFs have large stiffness and strength to meet serviceability performance states. Life-safety and collapse-prevention PBSD limit states are controlled ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 881 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Plastic Axial Load and Moment Interaction Curves for Fire-Exposed Steel Sections with Thermal Gradients
Maria E. M. Garlock and Spencer E. Quiel
Current practice for the design of steel beam-columns (i.e., members under combined axial load and bending) subject to fire is to calculate the capacity of these members assuming a uniform temperature distribution through the depth of the section. This assumption may be acceptable for some members, ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 874 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Editor's Note
Sashi K. Kunnath
... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 871 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Errata for ``Special Issue on Design and Analysis of Structures with Seismic Damping Systems'' by Michael D. Symans
Sashi K. Kunnath
... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1066 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Review of Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures by M. J. N. Priestley, G. M. Calvi, and M. J. Kowalsky
A. Filiatrault
... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1065 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Energy Index Method: Technique for Identification of Structural Damages
Ashkan Sharifi and Mohammad Reza Banan
A structural damage detection method based on the change of strain energy in each element before and after the occurrence of damage is presented. The proposed method can localize and quantify both single and multiple damages. The algorithm requires only the stiffness and mass matrices of the baselin ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1061 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Flexural Behavior of Nonposttensioned and Posttensioned Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubes
Christopher Y. Tuan
Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs) have recently been used for columns and bridge piers, especially in seismic regions, for their enhanced strength and ductility over the conventional steel and concrete construction. This enhancement is due to the composite actions of the concrete infill and the ste ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1057 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Quasi-Static Strengths and Failure Modes of Tight-Fitting and Round-End Metal-Plate Wooden Truss Joints
N. Dadhiala, K. Koo, and J. K. Spelt
An experimental study was conducted to investigate whether existing industry design procedures for tight-fitting metal plate connector truss joints can be applied to the design of joints made with round-end webs. Four joint configurations were tested with a range of connector-plate sizes: 45 degrees ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1046 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Inelastic Displacement Ratios of Degrading Systems
Mouchir Chenouda and Ashraf Ayoub
Seismic code provisions in several countries have recently adopted the new concept of performance-based design. New analysis procedures have been developed to estimate seismic demands for performance evaluation. Most of these procedures are based on simple material models though, and do not take in ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1030 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Ambient Vibration Analysis with Subspace Methods and Automated Mode Selection: Case Studies
Bilge Alicioglu and Hilmi Lus
This study presents an investigation of the performance of subspace techniques for modal identification using ambient vibration measurements. Several models and structures characterized by increasing degrees of complexity are investigated to assess the potential benefits of stochastic subspace ident ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1016 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Dynamic Testing of Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge
Joel P. Conte, Xianfei He, Babak Moaveni, Sami F. Masri, John P. Caffrey et al.
This paper describes a set of dynamic field tests performed on the Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge (AZMB), also known as the New Carquinez Bridge, which is located 32 km northeast of San Francisco on interstate Highway I-80. The AZMB, opened to traffic in November 2003, is the first suspension bridge ... [J. Struct. Engrg. 134, 1006 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Microscopic Modeling of Colloidal Silica Stabilized Granular Contaminated Soils'' by Jay N. Meegoda and Netnapid Tantemsapya
Jay Meegoda and Netnapid Tantemsapya
... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 457 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Microscopic Modeling of Colloidal Silica Stabilized Granular Contaminated Soils'' by Jay N. Meegoda and Netnapid Tantemsapya
Tirupati Bolisetti and Ram Balachandar
... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 456 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Chloride Penetration and Binding in Recycled Concrete
Yury Andres Villagran-Zaccardi, Claudio Javier Zega, and Angel Antonio Di Maio
Recycled concrete use is necessary in order to decrease the environmental impact of the construction industry. Coarse aggregates from crushed concrete may lead to relatively high porosity in the resultant concrete. For this reason, recycled concrete may seem detrimental to the durability of reinforc ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 449 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Hot Mixed Asphalt Compaction: Field and Laboratory Study
Rodrigo Delgadillo and Hussain U. Bahia
A field and laboratory study was carried out to study the effect of pressure and temperature on the compaction of asphalt pavements. Density, temperature, number of passes, and type of roller were recorded in the field at four different paving projects in Wisconsin, with binder and mixture samples o ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 440 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Engineering and Environmental Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash as an Aggregate Substitute Utilized for Asphalt Concrete
Jian-Shiuh Chen, Po-Yen Chu, Juu-En Chang, Hsing-Cheng Lu, Zen-How Wu et al.
The preferred management option for the municipal solid waste bottom ash (MSW-BA) around the world is utilization rather than landfilling, but the current environmental quality criteria for bottom ash to be utilized in bulk quantities are rather strict. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ph ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 432 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Lateral-Loading Tests on a Real RC Building Including Masonry Infill Panels with and without FRP Strengthening
Gaetano Della Corte, Luigi Fiorino, and Federico Massimo Mazzolani
Two lateral-loading inelastic tests on a real masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) building are presented. The first test has been carried out on the original building. Extensive damage to both masonry panels and RC elements (columns and staircase structure) has been produced, with out-of-plane ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 419 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Size and Volume Relationship of Pore for Construction Materials
S. G. Patil and B. Bhattacharjee
A general relationship between cumulative pore volume and pore sizes as measured through mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and BSE image analysis technique is presented in this paper. From the results of the MIP study conducted on hardened cement paste, cement silica fume paste, cement silica fume ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 410 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Compressibility and Collapsibility Characteristics of Sedimented Fly Ash Beds
Raja Sekhar Madhyannapu, Madhira R. Madhav, Anand J. Puppala, and A. Ghosh
The fly ash produced from thermal power plants (TPP) is disposed of in the form of slurry into ash ponds, lagoons, or dykes. Fly ash slurry, after undergoing sedimentation and consolidation processes under its own self-weight, exhibits a different engineering behavior than those compacted after dewa ... [J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 20, 401 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Toward Roundabout Accessibility---Exploring the Operational Impact of Pedestrian Signalization Options at Modern Roundabouts
Bastian J. Schroeder, Nagui M. Rouphail, and Ronald G. Hughes
This paper explores the use of pedestrian signalization options for crosswalks at one- and two-lane roundabouts to enable these facilities to be accessible to pedestrians with vision impairments. Motivated by uncertainties about the safety of roundabouts for blind pedestrians, audible pedestrian sig ... [J. Transp. Engrg. 134, 262 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Optimal Asphalt Pavement Design Considering Cost and Reliability
Pabitra Rajbongshi and Animesh Das
A typical asphalt pavement design based on the mechanistic-empirical approach offers multiple design alternatives for a given set of input values. The present paper emphasizes the fact that the cost as well as the reliability levels of these design alternatives are different. A simple methodology ha ... [J. Transp. Engrg. 134, 255 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
High-Speed, Noncontact Digital Imaging System for Inspection of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements
Edgar de Leon Izeppi, Gerardo W. Flintsch, and Kevin K. McGhee
This paper discusses the results of the field experimentation of a new system developed to help inspect the construction of asphalt pavements using digital video images. The system computes the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of images of newly constructed pavements to find various parameters that a ... [J. Transp. Engrg. 134, 246 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Evaluation of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Practices Used by the Michigan Department of Transportation
Arthur Chan, Gregory Keoleian, and Eric Gabler
Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) has become a common practice in road construction at the state level during the past decade in the United States. It enables pavement engineers to conduct a comprehensive assessment of long-term costs, and ideally agency highway funding can be allocated more optimally ... [J. Transp. Engrg. 134, 236 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Evaluation of Dynamic Passing Sight Distance Problem Using a Finite-Element Model
Xuedong Yan, Essam Radwan, Fan Zhang, and Jack C. Parker
Sufficient passing sight distance is an important control for two-lane rural highway design to minimize the possibility of a head-on collision between passing and opposing vehicles. Traditionally, passing zones are marked by checking passing sight distance that is potentially restricted by static si ... [J. Transp. Engrg. 134, 225 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
OCR Prediction Using Support Vector Machine Based on Piezocone Data
Pijush Samui, T. G. Sitharam, and Pradeep U. Kurup
The determination of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) of clay deposits is an important task in geotechnical engineering practice. This paper examines the potential of a support vector machine (SVM) for predicting the OCR of clays from piezocone penetration test data. SVM is a statistical learning t ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 894 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Analytical Construction of Transient Flow Nets in Homogeneous and Isotropic Flow Medium
Senda Ozkan and Donald D. Adrian
The purpose of this study is to construct time-dependent flow nets, also called transient flow nets in homogenous and isotropic flow medium. Transient flow nets under hydraulic structures are developed in response to reservoir head fluctuations. An analytical solution for a transient flow net has no ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 888 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Further Advancement in Filtration Criteria through Constriction-Based Techniques
Ashok K. Raut and Buddhima Indraratna
In this technical note, the concept of constriction size in design is highlighted while elucidating some of the limitations of current professional guidelines that are only based on particle size ratios. The implications of the controlling constriction size, D, and the self-filtering constriction si ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 883 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Improved Approach to Construct Constitutive Surfaces for Stable-Structured Soils Covering Both Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions
Xiong Zhang and Jean-Louis Briaud
Constitutive surfaces are indispensable for investigation of the behavior of soils. Saturated and unsaturated soils coexist in most engineering problems and it is meaningful to develop constitutive surfaces covering both saturated and unsaturated conditions which help to investigate the behavior for ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 876 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Numerical Simulation of Vertical Pullout of Plate Anchors in Clay
Zhenhe Song, Yuxia Hu, and Mark F. Randolph
The behavior of strip and circular plate anchors during vertical pullout in uniform and normally consolidated clays was studied in this paper by means of small strain and large deformation finite-element analyses. Both fully bonded (attached), and vented (no suction on rear face), anchors were consi ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 866 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Measuring Soil Pressure on a Buried Model Structure for the Validation of Quantitative Frameworks
Mark Talesnick, Hanna Horany, Avraham N. Dancygier, and Yuri S. Karinski
The paper presents the methodologies and results of an experimental study aimed at measuring the soil contact pressures which develop on a buried structure as it interacts with the surrounding soil under load. The study has been based on measurements made on model structures tested in a pressure cha ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 855 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Deep Mixing Induced Property Changes in Surrounding Sensitive Marine Clays
Shui-Long Shen, Jie Han, and Yan-Jun Du
This paper presents a field study of installation effects of deep mixed columns on properties of the sensitive Ariake marine clay. Cone penetration tests were performed in the field to evaluate the change in the strength of the surrounding clay with time. Soil samples were taken before and after co ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 845 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Predicting the Erosion Rate of Chemically Treated Soil Using a Process Simulation Apparatus for Internal Crack Erosion
Buddhima Indraratna, Thevaragavan Muttuvel, Hadi Khabbaz, and Robert Armstrong
Chemical stabilization is an effective ground improvement technique for controlling erosion. Two stabilizers, lignosulfonate and cement, were used to study how effectively they could stabilize erodible silty sand collected from Wombeyan Caves, NSW, Australia. To conduct this research, four dosages o ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 837 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effects of Adsorbed Water Layer in Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity for Clays with Kozeny--Carman Equation
Purnendu N. Singh and Wesley W. Wallender
Saturated hydraulic conductivity for clays predicted using the conventional KozenyCarman equation is scalar and found to diverge significantly from measured values. The divergence is consistent and systematic requiring a mathematical derivation of the formula using first principles. The incorporatio ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 829 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Liquefaction Potential Map of Charleston, South Carolina Based on the 1886 Earthquake
Hossein Hayati and Ronald D. Andrus
A liquefaction potential map of the peninsula of Charleston, S.C., is presented in this paper. Liquefaction potential is expressed in terms of the liquefaction potential index developed by Iwasaki et al. and calculated using 44 cone penetration test profiles. The cone profiles are supplemented with ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 815 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for the Sliding Displacement of Slopes: Scalar and Vector Approaches
Ellen M. Rathje and Gokhan Saygili
Sliding block displacements often are used to evaluate the potential for ground failure due to slope instability. The procedures used to assess sliding block displacement typically use deterministic or pseudoprobabilistic approaches, in which the uncertainties in the expected ground motion and resul ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 804 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Empirical Predictive Models for Earthquake-Induced Sliding Displacements of Slopes
Gokhan Saygili and Ellen M. Rathje
Earthquake-induced sliding displacement is the parameter most often used to assess the seismic stability of slopes. The expected displacement can be predicted as a function of the characteristics of the slope (yield acceleration) and the ground motion (e.g., peak ground acceleration), yet there is s ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 790 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Transient Head Development due to Flood Induced Seepage under Levees
Senda Ozkan, Donald D. Adrian, George L. Sills, and Vijay P. Singh
The purpose of this study was to predict the uplift force during floods on confining layers that overlay extensive horizontal confined aquifers that intersect a large river in response to the water level changes that occur with time in a flooding river. Transient flow of water through the confined a ... [J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. 134, 781 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Detection of Partial Blockage in Single Pipelines'' by P. K. Mohapatra, M. H. Chaudhry, A. A. Kassem, and J. Moloo
P. K. Mohapatra and M. H. Chaudhry
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 876 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Detection of Partial Blockage in Single Pipelines'' by P. K. Mohapatra, M. H. Chaudhry, A. A. Kassem, and J. Moloo
Pedro J. Lee and John P. Vitkovsky
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 874 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Detection of Partial Blockage in Single Pipelines'' by P. K. Mohapatra, M. H. Chaudhry, A. A. Kassem, and J. Moloo
Bruno Brunone, Marco Ferrante, and Silvia Meniconi
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 872 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Validation of a Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of a Contact Tank'' by Liaqat A. Khan, Edward A. Wicklein, and E. C. Teixeira
Liaqat A. Khan
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 871 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Validation of a Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of a Contact Tank'' by Liaqat A. Khan, Edward A. Wicklein, and E. C. Texeira
Carlo Gualtieri
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 870 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Asymptotic Solutions for One-Dimensional Dispersion in Rivers'' by Bruce Hunt
Bruce Hunt
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 869 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Asymptotic Solutions for One-Dimensional Dispersion in Rivers'' by Bruce Hunt
Sushil K. Singh
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 869 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Closure to ``Dam-Break Wave-Front Celerity'' by Jo[a-tilde]o Leal, Rui Ferreira, and Antonio Cardoso
Joao Leal, Rui Ferreira, and Antonio Cardoso
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 867 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Dam-Break Wave-Front Celerity'' by Jo[a-tilde]o Leal, Rui Ferreira, and Antonio Cardoso
Zhixian Cao
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 865 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Valve Design for Extracting Response Functions from Hydraulic Systems Using Pseudorandom Binary Signals
Pedro J. Lee, John P. Vitkovsky, Martin F. Lambert, and Angus R. Simpson
The analysis of the dynamic response of a pressurized water pipeline system is important for the design and also the integrity monitoring of these systems. An efficient method for summarizing the behavior of a pipeline system is through the determination of their system response functions. These fun ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 858 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Hydraulic Roughness of Biofouled Pipes, Biofilm Character, and Measured Improvements from Cleaning
Andrew F. Barton, Michael R. Wallis, Jane E. Sargison, Alexandru Buia, and Gregory J. Walker
The hydraulic performance of pipelines can be significantly affected by the presence of biological growth on internal surfaces. The change in wall roughness brought about by the biofilms has been studied by the use of headloss tests, precleaning and postcleaning of the pipelines in three Tasmanian h ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 852 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Equivalent Roughness of Gravel-Bed Rivers
Raul Lopez and Javier Barragan
The relation between the equivalent roughness and different grain size percentiles of the sediment in gravel-bed rivers was determined under the hypothesis that the vertical distribution of the flow velocity follows a logarithmic law. A set of 954 data points was selected from rivers with gravel siz ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 847 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Quick Method for Open-Channel Discharge Measurements Using Air Bubbles
P. C. Yannopoulos, A. C. Demetracopoulos, and Ch. Hadjitheodorou
An economical methodology is proposed by which distinct air bubbles released at the bottom of a channel may be utilized for determining the local flow discharge q per unit width. Simple theoretical analysis shows that q is linearly dependent on the rise length L of bubbles released at the bottom. Th ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 843 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of Tank Size and Geometry on the Flow Induced by Circular Bubble Plumes and Water Jets
Iran E. Lima Neto, David Z. Zhu, and Nallamuthu Rajaratnam
Ambient flow field and circulation patterns induced by circular bubble plumes and water jets in tanks of different sizes were studied in rectangular and square water tanks. A nonstationary nature of the flow was observed in all experiments and its dominant oscillation frequency was found to directly ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 833 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Decomposition Model of a General Water Supply Network Graph
Jochen W. Deuerlein
A new decomposition concept of the network graph according to its connectivity properties is introduced in this paper that allows various applications in the field of systems analysis of water supply networks. In this case, the network graph consists of two main components. The outer branched compon ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 822 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Field Measurements and Simulation of Bridge Scour Depth Variations during Floods
Jau-Yau Lu, Jian-Hao Hong, Chih-Chiang Su, Chuan-Yi Wang, and Jihn-Sung Lai
An understanding of bridge scour mechanisms during floods in a fluvial river is very important for cost-effective bridge foundation design. Reliable bridge scour data for flood events are limited. In this study, field experiments were performed at the Si-Lo Bridge in the lower Cho-Shui River, the lo ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 810 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Large-Scale Flume Tests of Riprap-Apron Performance at a Bridge Abutment on a Floodplain
Reinaldo Morales, Robert Ettema, and Brian Barkdoll
Laboratory tests using a large-scale model of a spill-through bridge abutment led to important findings about the performance of a riprap apron as an abutment scour countermeasure. Riprap stone is widely used for protecting side slopes of embankments against erosion, and several design guidelines ar ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 800 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Experimental Analysis of Heaving Phenomena in Sandy Soils
Nicola Fontana
Seepage erosion phenomena can arise when particles of soil are transported underneath any hydraulic structure by the seepage flow, as a consequence of the difference in the surface elevation upstream and downstream of the hydraulic structure. To assess the stability of hydraulic structures against s ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 794 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Computation of the Equivalent Macroscopic Permeability Tensor of Discrete Networks with Heterogeneous Segment Length
D. Bauer, L. Talon, and A. Ehrlacher
Flow in discrete networks can be observed in biological, geological, or technical systems. Often, the number of individual segments is very large. Therefore, discrete pressure and flow calculation in each single segment becomes very time consuming, and a continuum model becomes attractive. We apply ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 784 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Double-Plume Integral Models for Near-Field Mixing in Multiphase Plumes
Scott A. Socolofsky, Tirtharaj Bhaumik, and Dong-Guan Seol
We present a generalized integral model for multiphase plumes in stratified ambient conditions based on the double-plume approach, where the plume is composed of a rising, multiphase core plume surrounded by a counterflowing outer ring plume of dense fluid. The generalized model captures as limiting ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 772 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bubble Entrainment and Distribution in a Model Spillway with Application to Total Dissolved Gas Minimization
Shae S. Hoschek, Pablo M. Carrica, and Larry J. Weber
This paper focuses on an experimental study of the two-phase flow downstream of a laboratory model fish bypass. Experiments were performed on a 1:24 scale laboratory model of a fish bypass under consideration for construction at Wanapum Dam, on the Columbia River in Washington. The model was operate ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 763 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Modeling the Evolution of Incised Streams: I. Model Formulation and Validation of Flow and Streambed Evolution Components
Eddy J. Langendoen and Carlos V. Alonso
A robust computational model for simulating the long-term evolution of incised and restored or rehabilitated stream corridors is presented. The physically based model simulates the three main processes that shape incised streams: hydraulics, sediment transport, and streambed and bank adjustments. A ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 749 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Conservative Scheme for Numerical Modeling of Flow in Natural Geometry
Michele Catella, Enio Paris, and Luca Solari
A numerical model is proposed to compute one-dimensional open channel flows in natural streams involving steep, nonrectangular, and nonprismatic channels and including subcritical, supercritical, and transcritical flows. The Saint-Venant equations, written in a conservative form, are solved by emplo ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 736 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
One-Dimensional Model for Transient Flows Involving Bed-Load Sediment Transport and Changes in Flow Regimes
L. Goutiere, S. Soares-Frazao, C. Savary, T. Laraichi, and Y. Zech
This study presents a novel, simple, but rather accurate approximation of the eigenvalues of the system formed by the Saint-VenantExner equations, based on the comparison between eigenvalues for the complete system and eigenvalues for the water phase only. Moreover, a strategy is proposed to compute ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 726 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Adaptive Godunov-Based Model for Flood Simulation
Lorenzo Begnudelli, Brett F. Sanders, and Scott F. Bradford
Godunov-based shallow-water models utilize a discontinuous reconstruction of data at cell faces even for smooth flow, which can cause energy dissipation and degrade accuracy. Analysis of discrete equations shows that jumps (and therefore error) can be minimized by adaptively selecting either primiti ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 714 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Flow Patterns in a Four-Branch Junction with Supercritical Flow
Emmanuel Mignot, Nicolas Riviere, Richard Perkins, and Andre Paquier
This paper describes the flow structures that occur in a 90 degrees junction of four open channels with supercritical flow in two orthogonal inlet channels. An experimental facility was constructed to permit the measurement of flow rates, water depths, and the positions of hydraulic jumps in the ch ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 701 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Computational and Experimental Study of Surcharged Flow at a 90[degree] Combining Sewer Junction
Can-Hua Zhao, David Z. Zhu, and Nallamuthu Rajaratnam
Combining sewer junctions with a lateral inflow at 90 degrees angle are commonly used in our sewer systems. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on Ansys CFX 10.0 was established to simulate fully surcharged flow at a 90 degrees combining sewer junction. The model was carefully assesse ... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 688 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Hunter Rouse's Historical Writings and the History of Hydraulics Collection
Cornelia F. Mutel, Daniel L. Daly, and Robert Ettema
... [J. Hydr. Engrg. 134, 683 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Simulating the Well Function for Large-Diameter Wells Using MODFLOW
Sushil K. Singh
An approach for incorporating large-diameter wells into MODFLOW is presented. A transformation of transmissivity in the flow field is devised to simulate the well function for a large-diameter wells. Transformations for accounting for the well radius and well storage are also developed. Using these ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 414 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Estimating Aquifer Parameters from Early Drawdowns in Large-Diameter Wells
Sushil K. Singh
The existing equation applicable for large diameter wells in confined aquifers is transformed into a convenient form and a set of semilogarithmic diagnostic curves is developed for identifying the aquifer parameters (storage coefficient and transmissivity) from early drawdowns in large diameter well ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 409 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Flooding Probability-Based Optimal Design of Trapezoidal Open Channel Using Freeboard as a Design Variable
Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya and Mysore Satish
A flooding probability based cost effective design of open channel section has been proposed using freeboard as an additional design variable. The freeboard of the channel is calculated based on the flooding probability value. The proposed model is solved using classical optimization techniques as w ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 405 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow with Gradually Increasing Heterogeneity due to Clogging
P. K. Majumdar, M. Sekhar, K. Sridharan, and G. C. Mishra
Well injection replenishes depleting water levels in a well field. Observation well water levels some distance away from the injection well are the indicators of the success of a well injection program. Simulation of the observation well response, located a few tens of meters from the injection well ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 400 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Simulation of Varada Aquifer System for Sustainable Groundwater Development
H. Ramesh and A. Mahesha
Groundwater flow modeling has been used extensively worldwide with varying degrees of success. The ability to predict the groundwater flow is critical in planning and implementing groundwater development projects under increasing demand for fresh water resources. This paper presents the simulation o ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 387 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Simplified Design of Hydraulically Efficient Power-Law Channels with Freeboard
Ahmed S. A. Hussein
A power-law channel section is very versatile. It can model a wide range of familiar man-made or natural channel shapes. However estimating the wetted perimeter of a power-law channel section is difficult. The problem gets complicated further when considering the freeboard in the design process. In ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 380 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Optimal Design of a Settling Basin for a Small-Scale Drainage Area
Nien-Sheng Hsu, Jan-Tai Kuo, and Shih-Kai Chiu
This paper develops a nonlinear programming model to optimally design a settling basin for a small-scale drainage area with a minimum total cost. It is assumed that the shape of the settling basin is rectangular parallelepiped, and it is connected to an open channel at both ends. Therefore, the deci ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 372 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Selection of Superior Tillage and Fertilizer Practices Based on Rainfall and Soil Moisture Effects on Pearl Millet Yield under Semiarid Inceptisols
Anupam K. Nema, G. R. Maruthi Sankar, and S. P. S. Chauhan
Based on seven field experiments of pearl millet with nine treatment combinations of tillage and fertilizer nutrients conducted during 20002006 in a semiarid inceptisol at Agra, an assessment is made in this paper about sustainability of treatments using rainfall received during the crop growing per ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 361 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Fringing Field Sensor Using a Circuit-Modulated Parameter for Measuring Water Content in a Soil Sample
Jiandong Hu, Ming Jiang, Xiangyang Zhao, and Zhili Lin
Currently used dielectric spectroscopy methods for measuring soil water contents are highly susceptible to their electrical conductivities. Some of the existing methods are double-plate capacitance sensors. A novel technique based on the use of fringing field sensors for the content detection is pre ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 356 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
New Weighing Method to Measure Shoot Water Interception
K. J. Mauch, J. A. Delgado, W. C. Bausch, K. Barbarick, and G. McMaster
The need exists to develop a method that can quantitatively measure water interception from plant shoots. This paper describes a new method for measuring canopy water interception. Corn (Zea Mays L.) was grown in 13 L buckets containing Valentine fine sand (Mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamment) under a ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 349 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Determining Operating Inlet Pressure Head Incorporating Uniformity Parameters for Multioutlet Plastic Pipelines
Gurol Yildirim
An important objective of a microirrigation system is to determine the proper operating inlet pressure head, ensuring the desired level of water application uniformity as well as the allowable pressure head variation along the multioutlet pipeline. This paper offers, simple, direct, but sufficiently ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 341 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Development of Simplified Solutions for Modeling Recession in Basins
D. Zerihun, A. Furman, C. A. Sanchez, and A. W. Warrick
In irrigation basins the decrease in the gradient of the water-surface elevation following inflow cutoff often leads to reduced rate of convergence, increased computational time, and reduced robustness of the numerical solutions of the recession phase. As the water surface levels off, the underlying ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 327 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Hydraulic Modeling of an Automatic Upstream Water Level Control Gate for Submerged Flow Conditions
Gilles Belaud, Xavier Litrico, Bertus de Graaff, and Jean-Pierre Baume
The article proposes a mathematical model of an automatic upstream water level control gate designed to operate under free and submerged flow conditions, called the Vlugter gate. This automatic gate controls the upstream level close to a design level, using a counterweight to compensate for the hydr ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 315 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Conversion from Discharge to Gate Opening for the Control of Irrigation Canals
X. Litrico, P.-O. Malaterre, J.-P. Baume, and J. Ribot-Bruno
The paper reviews several methods to convert discharge into gate opening. A control algorithm for one or several reaches of an irrigation canal sometimes uses a discharge as the control action variable even though the device to be manipulated is a gate or a weir. In this case a slave controller has ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 305 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Rapid Evaluations of Anticlogging Performance of Drip Emitters by Laboratorial Short-Cycle Tests
Qingsong Wei, Yusheng Shi, Gang Lu, Wenchu Dong, and Shuhuai Huang
Emitter clogging is the most annoying problem that restrains the development of drip irrigation technologies, but so far, there have been no effective evaluation methods for the anticlogging performance of drip emitters. In this study, a kind of short-cycle experiment was conducted in the laboratory ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 298 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Accuracy of Global Microirrigation Distribution Uniformity Estimates
Stuart W. Styles, Charles M. Burt, Franklin Gaudi, and Sierra Orvis
Emitter pressures and flow rates were systematically and extensively sampled in one drip and one microspray field. The data distributions are presented. The accuracy of rapid (limited samples) evaluation pressure sampling procedures was found to be quite good if the pressure distribution was systema ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 292 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Automation of a Center Pivot Using the Temperature-Time-Threshold Method of Irrigation Scheduling
R. Troy Peters and Steven R. Evett
A center pivot was completely automated using the temperature-time-threshold method of irrigation scheduling. An array of infrared thermometers was mounted on the center pivot, and these were used to remotely determine the crop leaf temperature as an indicator of crop water stress. We describe metho ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 286 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Application of SEBAL Model for Mapping Evapotranspiration and Estimating Surface Energy Fluxes in South-Central Nebraska
Ramesh K. Singh, Ayse Irmak, Suat Irmak, and Derrel L. Martin
Knowledge of spatiotemporal distribution of evapotranspiration (ET) on large scales, as quantified by satellite remote sensing techniques, can provide important information on a variety of water resources issues such as evaluating water distributions, water use by different land surfaces, water allo ... [J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 134, 273 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Discussion of ``Uniform Shear Buildings under the Effect of Gravity Loads'' by M. Sahin and M. Ozturk
Eduardo Kausel
... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 519 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Initial Compressive Buckling of Clamped Plates Resting on Tensionless Elastic or Rigid Foundations
Xing Ma, John Butterworth, and Charles Clifton
The unilateral contact buckling problem of thin plates resting on tensionless foundations is investigated. Three different plate models are considered. For a plate of limited length on a tensionless elastic foundation, the plate is first simplified to a one-dimensional mechanical model by assuming a ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 514 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Elastic Model for Partially Saturated Granular Materials
P.-Y. Hicher and C. S. Chang
This paper presents the development of an elastic model for partially saturated granular materials based on micromechanical factor consideration. A granular material is considered as an assembly of particles. The stress-strain relationship for an assembly can be determined by integrating the behavio ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 505 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Bridges with Two-Column Bents
Jinquan Zhong, Paolo Gardoni, David Rosowsky, and Terje Haukaas
Probabilistic models are developed to predict the deformation and shear demands due to seismic excitation on reinforced concrete (RC) columns in bridges with two-column bents. A Bayesian methodology is used to develop the models. The models are unbiased and properly account for the predominant uncer ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 495 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Adaptive Parametric Identification Scheme for a Class of Nondeteriorating and Deteriorating Nonlinear Hysteretic Behavior
Seyed Ali Ashrafi and Andrew W. Smyth
The adaptive parametric identification of deteriorating and nondeteriorating nonlinear hysteretic phenomena is considered using a generalization of Masing model based on the observed memory behavior of distributed element models. The model permits a parametric identification to be performed using no ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 482 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Beam Bending Solutions Based on Nonlocal Timoshenko Beam Theory
C. M. Wang, S. Kitipornchai, C. W. Lim, and M. Eisenberger
This paper is concerned with the bending problem of micro- and nanobeams based on the Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory and Timoshenko beam theory. In the former theory, the small-scale effect is taken into consideration while the effect of transverse shear deformation is accounted for in the latte ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 475 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Nontarget Stereo Vision Technique for Spatiotemporal Response Measurement of Line-Like Structures
Y. F. Ji and C. C. Chang
With continuous advancement in optical, electronics, and computer technology, commercial digital cameras now are equipped with a high pixel resolution at a reasonable cost. Image sequences recorded by these cameras contain both spatial and temporal information of the target object; hence they can be ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 466 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Influence of Structural Design on the Aeroelastic Stability of Brancusi's Endless Column
R. D. Gabbai
Brancusi's Endless Column (Targu-Jiu, Romania) is an interesting case study in bluff body aeroelasticity. It has been referred to as aeroelastically indifferent owing to its remarkable aeroelastic stability. This stability has been attributed to its unconventional shape. Calculations are presented w ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 462 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Wrinkling and Edge Buckling in Orthotropic Sandwich Beams
Wooseok Ji and Anthony M. Waas
A sandwich beam buckling problem is studied here using two-dimensional elasticity to model the beam constituents. The global and local instability of such a beam with orthotropic constituents under various boundary conditions are investigated. The face sheet and the core are assumed to be linear ela ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 455 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bending of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell Roofs under Point Load
Sarmila Sahoo and Dipankar Chakravorty
The present paper applies a combination of an eight noded shell element with a three noded beam element, both curved and isoparametric to solve a bending problem of a composite stiffened hypar shell subjected to a concentrated load. Benchmark problems are solved to validate the suitability of the ap ... [J. Engrg. Mech. 134, 441 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Leaching Behavior of Metals Released from Cement-Stabilized/Solidified Refinery Oily Sludge by Means of Sequential Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Athanasios K. Karamalidis and Evangelos A. Voudrias
In this study, stabilization/solidification (S/S) of refinery oily sludge was applied using two types of cement (I and II), in cement-to-waste ratio from 0.1 to 0.7. The leaching behavior of heavy metals was investigated, by means of a five-point sequential toxicity characteristic leaching procedure ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 493 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Detection of Enteroviruses within Brackish Water from the Damshui River Watershed, Taiwan
Chien-Hsien Chen, Bing-Mu Hsu, and Min-Tao Wan
Enteroviruses have recently emerged as a concern to health authorities because they are a waterborne nonbacterial cause of gastroenteritis. Forty-six samples of brackish water from two sites upon the Damshui River, Taiwan, were analyzed for the occurrence and serogroups of enteroviruses. The semines ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 486 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Effect of ClO[sub 2] Pretreatment on Subsequent Water Treatment Processes
M. Zamir B. Alam, Raymond E. Cantwell, Ron Hofmann, Robert C. Andrews, Jennie L. Rand et al.
The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO) pretreatment on subsequent treatment processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and ozonation) was studied at pilot-scale at the Upper San Leandro Water Treatment Plant near Oakland, Calif. Potential impacts of ClO on the distribution system ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 478 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Chemical Oxygen Demand and the Mechanism of Excess Sludge Reduction in an Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Activated Sludge Process
Kyoung-jin An and Guang-hao Chen
A modified activated sludge process, called the oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process, achieved effective reduction in excess sludge production. Its key feature is the insertion of a sludge holding tank in the sludge return circuit to provide an anaerobic sludge zone. Our previous studies suggested ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 469 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Spatial-Dynamic Modeling of Algal Biomass in Lake Erie: Relative Impacts of Dreissenid Mussels and Nutrient Loads
Leon Boegman, Mark R. Loewen, David A. Culver, Paul F. Hamblin, and Murray N. Charlton
Over the past several decades, reductions in phytoplankton stocks and increased water clarity in Lake Erie have resulted from phosphorus load abatement and the introduction of zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (D. bugensis). The relative impacts of these developments and their implicat ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 456 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Study of Flow in a Blanket Clarifier Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Rome-Ming Wu, Tsung-Hao Lee, and Wen-Jie Yang
This work simulated the flow pattern of the sludge blanket clarifier at the Bansin Water Treatment Plant, Taiwan by multiphase flow, three-dimensional analysis. The following three models were developed individually: One-phase flow (water) in the clarifierthis model acquires the basic water-flow pat ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 443 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Nonylphenol, and Estrogenic Activity during Managed Infiltration of Wastewater Effluent
Jianmin Zhang, Matt Tomanek, Hao Dong, Robert G. Arnold, Wendell P. Ela et al.
About a billion cubic meters of wastewater effluent are artificially recharged annually in the United States for maintenance of groundwater levels and prevention of seawater intrusion. There is concern that trace contaminants, including various endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), are not complete ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 433 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Urban Particle Capture in Bioretention Media. II: Theory and Model Development
Houng Li and Allen P. Davis
As a novel stormwater best-management practice, using a soil/sand/mulch mixture to capture urban pollutants while promoting infiltration, the unique media composition renders bioretention significantly different from conventional sand filters. In this work, a three-layer model is presented to descri ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 419 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Urban Particle Capture in Bioretention Media. I: Laboratory and Field Studies
Houng Li and Allen P. Davis
Bioretention is a novel stormwater best-management practice that uses a mixture of soil/sand/mulch as adsorptive filtration media that can capture both urban particulates and dissolved pollutants while promoting infiltration. This study conducted a series of laboratory column experiments and field o ... [J. Envir. Engrg. 134, 409 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Release of Impurities from Melting Snow Made from Treated Municipal Wastewater
Jarmo Sallanko and Kirsi-Marja Haanpaa
To make snow from treated municipal wastewater is one possible polishing treatment method that can be used in cold climates. In this study, the behavior of an artificial snow pile made from treated wastewater was studied. The primary focus of the study was the release of residual contaminants into t ... [J. Cold Reg. Engrg. 22, 54 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Influence of Route Direction on Thermal Field of Embankments Constructed in High-Altitude Permafrost Area
Hai-nian Wang and Ming-jian Dou
This paper discusses the effect of route direction, embankment height, and pavement type on the thermal field of embankments built in permafrost regions. A finite-element model (FEM) is adopted to simulate diverse conditions of the embankment. The 30-year meteorological data including the solar radi ... [J. Cold Reg. Engrg. 22, 39 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Renewable Generation in the London Built Environment
R. W. Simms, S. Z. Djokic, and A. F. Murray
This paper critically reviews the current requirement for a 10% offset of carbon emission that should be obtained from on-site renewable and other carbon-saving energy sources installed in new office buildings in London built environment. Carbon saving effects of several currently available renewabl ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 71 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Interaction of Renewable Energy Policy and CO[sub 2] Emission Control Policy: Case Study
Ming-Shan Su, Jing Deng, and Chun-Rong Zhao
Cost-effective policy on renewable energy could be made based on information of renewable energy industry development and carbon dioxide control strategy. To analyze the interaction of renewable energy policy with CO control strategy, we developed a recursive linear planning model. The year 2004 is ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 63 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Evaluation of GHG Emission Reduction Potentials of PV System Considering Power Mix Shifts
Yasuhiro Fukushima and Yu-Ming Kuo
Introduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems, also known as solar cell systems, reduces greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emission, by substituting a part of the GHG intensive generation with GHG-free generation during effective daylight hours. Because power is generated from different kinds of power plants ope ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 58 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Development and Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis of Wind Energy in Taiwan
Yuh-Ming Lee and Yun-Ern Tzeng
This study conducted a life-cycle inventory analysis of wind energy utilization in Taiwan. Life-cycle stages of wind turbine manufacturing, foundation construction, as well as operation and disposal of the systems are considered. The functional unit is defined as per kWh of electricity generated by ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 53 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Greenhouse Gas Emission Permit Trading with Different Uncertainties in Emission Sources
Zbigniew Nahorski and Joanna Horabik
The paper considers high and differentiated uncertainties associated with greenhouse gas inventories in the context of compliance evaluation in an emission trading program. One common approach adopted in the literature is to discount tradable permits for uncertainty. Following this general idea, we ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 47 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Fuel Switching in the Electricity Sector under the EU ETS: Review and Prospective
Erik Delarue, Kris Voorspools, and William D'haeseleer
The European Union has implemented the European Union emission trading scheme (EU ETS) as an instrument to facilitate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission abatement stipulated in the Kyoto protocol. Empirical data show that in the early stages of the EU ETS, the value of a ton of CO has already led to emis ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 40 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Is a Cap-and-Trade System Always Efficient? The Case of New Entrants in the Emissions Trading System of the EU
Michael Bartels and Felix Musgens
This paper analyzes the effects of allocating CO permits to new power plants free of charge within a tradable permit system. We demonstrate that these free allocations distort investments. Furthermore, we distinguish the effects of a uniform benchmark from a fuel specific benchmark, as both are comm ... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 33 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Climate Policies and the Power Sector: Challenges and Issues
Yihsu Chen and Chung-Li Tseng
... [J. Energy Engrg. 134, 31 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Deflection Response of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Pultruded Components in Hot Weather Climates
Murat Engindeniz and Abdul-Hamid Zureick
Presented in this paper are the experimental results pertaining to the deflection response of E-glass/polyester pultruded structural elements when subjected to bending and temperature profiles comparable to those encountered in hot weather conditions. Experiments were conducted on tubular components ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 355 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Light-Weight Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Deck Panels for Extreme Applications
M. J. Robinson and J. B. Kosmatka
Currently within the military there is a need for a universal light-weight bridge deck system capable of supporting extreme loads over a wide temperature range. This research presents the development, testing, and analysis of five different fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) webbed core deck panels. The ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 344 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bond Enhancement for FRP Pile Repair in Tidal Waters
Danny Winters, Gray Mullins, Rajan Sen, Andy Schrader, and Michael Stokes
Vacuum bagging and pressure bagging are established techniques used by the composites industry for fabricating components. This paper describes a study that explored the adaptation of these techniques for improving the FRP-concrete bond in the repair of partially submerged piles. Prototype vacuum ba ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 334 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Bond Tests of Short NSM-FRP and Steel Bar Anchorages
D. G. Novidis and S. J. Pantazopoulou
Performance of near-surface mounted (NSM) bars as additional reinforcement in strengthening of existing reinforced-concrete construction largely depends on the development capacity of the bar inside the groove. This is controlled primarily by the surface characteristics of the bar and its interactio ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 323 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Experimental Study of Interfacial Shear Stresses in FRP-Strengthened RC Beams
Stephen Kurtz, Perumalsamy Balaguru, and Jeffrey Helm
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the distribution of shear stresses along the interface between concrete and the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in 29 plate-strengthened beams, where the primary test variables are: Clear cover, plate length, plate thickness (area), a ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 312 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Shear Strengthening of T Cross Section Reinforced Concrete Beams by Near-Surface Mounted Technique
Salvador J. E. Dias and Joaquim A. O. Barros
With the purpose of evaluating the influence of both the percentage and inclination of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates on the effectiveness of the near-surface mounted technique for the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete T beams, an experimental program was carried out, ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 300 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Evaluating and Proposing Models of Predicting IC Debonding Failure
Hemdan Said and Zhishen Wu
Debonding failure due to intermediate crack-induced (IC) fracture is one of the most dominant failure modes associated with the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonding technique. To date, extensive efforts have been paid by many researchers worldwide to study the debonding phenomenon for effective ap ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 284 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Ductility and Cracking Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP Sheets
Yail J. Kim, Chen Shi, and Mark F. Green
This paper investigates the flexure of prestressed concrete beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, focusing on ductility and cracking behavior. Structural ductility of a beam strengthened with CFRP sheets is critical, considering the abrupt and brittle fai ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 274 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Hybrid Bonding of FRP to Reinforced Concrete Structures
Yu-Fei Wu and Yue Huang
The adhesive attachment of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) laminate to the external face of reinforced concrete structures is currently one of the most popular and effective methods for retrofitting and strengthening concrete structures. With this method, the additional strength of the attached rein ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 266 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Performance of Mechanically Fastened FRP Strengthened Concrete Beams in Flexure
Jeremy A. Martin and Anthony J. Lamanna
The use of adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials has become widely accepted for use in flexural strengthening applications; however, the method of attachment presents drawbacks in application. These include extensive time and labor investments, as well as a tendency of the syste ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 257 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.
Performance of Mechanically Fastened FRP Strengthened Concrete Beams in Flexure
Jeremy A. Martin and Anthony J. Lamanna
The use of adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials has become widely accepted for use in flexural strengthening applications; however, the method of attachment presents drawbacks in application. These include extensive time and labor investments, as well as a tendency of the syste ... [J. Compos. for Constr. 12, 257 (2008)] published Thu May 15, 2008.